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为了处理制药企业废水中吲哚类有机污染物,采用好氧MBBR(移动床生物膜反应器)工艺对含吲哚废水进行了试验研究,通过考察HRT、曝气量、吲哚冲击负荷等工艺条件对吲哚、COD和NH_4~+-N等去除效果的影响,确定了好氧MBBR反应器的最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明,在HRT在6~18 h变化时,MBBR工艺对吲哚去除率在8 h以上时达到100%,COD去除率在8 h达到89.65%,而NH_4~+-N去除率在12 h达到最高。在曝气量为0.1~0.12 m L/min时,MBBR工艺对COD和NH_4~+-N去除率分别为88.88%~92.95%和65%~66.83%。进水吲哚浓度25~65 mg/L变化时,好氧MBBR对吲哚去除率保持在100%,而对COD和NH_4~+-N去除率也保持在80%和40%以上,表明好氧MBBR工艺在处理难降解有机污染物方面具有显著优势。 相似文献
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Ning Zhang Xiang Liu Rui Liu Tao Zhang Miao Li Zhuoran Zhang Zitao Qu Ziting Yuan Hechun Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(1):8
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Spatial variability of soil salinity in coastal saline soil at different scales in the Yellow River Delta,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhuoran Wang Gengxing Zhao Mingxiu Gao Chunyan Chang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(2):80
The objectives of this study were to explore the spatial variability of soil salinity in coastal saline soil at macro, meso and micro scales in the Yellow River delta, China. Soil electrical conductivities (ECs) were measured at 0–15, 15–30, 30–45 and 45–60 cm soil depths at 49 sampling sites during November 9 to 11, 2013. Soil salinity was converted from soil ECs based on laboratory analyses. Our results indicated that at the macro scale, soil salinity was high with strong variability in each soil layer, and the content increased and the variability weakened with increasing soil depth. From east to west in the region, the farther away from the sea, the lower the soil salinity was. The degrees of soil salinization in three deeper soil layers are 1.14, 1.24 and 1.40 times higher than that in the surface soil. At the meso scale, the sequence of soil salinity in different topographies, soil texture and vegetation decreased, respectively, as follows: depression >flatland >hillock >batture; sandy loam >light loam >medium loam >heavy loam >clay; bare land >suaeda salsa >reed >cogongrass >cotton >paddy >winter wheat. At the micro scale, soil salinity changed with elevation in natural micro-topography and with anthropogenic activities in cultivated land. As the study area narrowed down to different scales, the spatial variability of soil salinity weakened gradually in cultivated land and salt wasteland except the bare land. 相似文献
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河北省自然保护地人类活动遥感动态监测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
栾卓然 《环境与可持续发展》2020,45(3):134-138
自然保护地在我国国民经济建设和未来社会发展中具有重要的战略地位,加快发展自然保护地事业也是当前我国生态环境保护工作的一项重要而紧迫的任务。对自然保护地的动态监测已经成为各级政府贯彻落实习近平总书记在全国生态环境保护大会上重要讲话精神的一项具体举措。河北省目前有39个省级及以上自然保护地,包括13个国家级自然保护地、26个省级自然保护地,总面积约6757平方千米,具有类型多、数量多、分布广、面积大的特点,这给动态监测和保护工作带来难度。本文分别选用2017年和2018年的GF-1、GF-2、ZY-3、ZY-02C共245景卫星图像,在进行正射校正处理的基础上,解译提取各类自然保护地不同功能区的人类活动变化图斑,并对自然保护地人类活动状况进行了分析评价。 相似文献
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大气颗粒物中包含多种组分的气溶胶,其中碳质气溶胶由于对人体健康、能见度有较大影响,已受到越来越多的关注.为研究碳质气溶胶的长期变化规律,采集了成都市2009—2013年的PM10样品,对其中所含的无机元素、水溶性离子及碳组分分别进行测定,并使用“PMF(正定矩阵因子分解法)-比值”模型分别对PM10和所含的碳质气溶胶的来源进行分析.结果表明,1月、2月、5月和12月的碳质气溶胶浓度较高,其中1月、2月和12月的OC/EC(有机碳与元素碳质量浓度之比)较高,并且PMF-比值模型计算结果也显示冬季SOC增多,表明冬季可能有更多的二次有机碳(SOC)生成;5月的char-EC/soot-EC(二者质量浓度之比,其中char-EC=EC1-OP,soot-EC=EC2+EC3,它们可更好地区分源类)较高,K含量也较高,表明可能有更多的生物质燃烧排放.PM10解析共发现6类源,依次为地壳扬尘(26.5%)、二次硫酸盐(25.1%)、燃煤&生物质燃烧混合源(17.3%)、二次硝酸盐&二次有机碳混合源(12.3%)、机动车源(11.8%)和水泥尘源(7.0%);碳质气溶胶解析发现,OC主要来源依次为机动车源(38.2%)、燃煤&生物质燃烧混合源(33.1%)和二次有机碳(25.3%),char-EC的主要来源是燃煤&生物质燃烧混合源和机动车源,分别占50.5%和45.4%,soot-EC则主要受机动车影响(达73.2%).研究显示,成都市PM10主要来自于地壳扬尘、二次生成和燃煤&生物质燃烧,而碳质气溶胶主要来自于机动车、燃煤&生物质燃烧. 相似文献
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Methacrolein(MACR) and methyl vinyl ketone(MVK) are two major intermediate products from the photochemical oxidation of isoprene, the most important biogenic volatile organic compound. In addition, MACR and MVK have primary emissions. Investigating the sources and evolution of MACR and MVK could provide helpful information for the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. In this study, hourly measurements of isoprene, MACR, and MVK were conducted at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta region(PRD), i.e., the Heshan site(HS), from 22 October to 20 November, 2014. The average mixing ratios of isoprene,MACR and MVK were 151 ± 17, 91 ± 6 and 79 ± 6 pptv, respectively. The daily variations and the ratios of MVK/MACR during daytime and nighttime suggested that other sources besides isoprene photooxidation influenced the MACR and MVK abundances at the HS.Positive matrix factorization was utilized to resolve the sources of MACR and MVK. Five sources were identified and quantified, including biogenic emissions, biomass burning,secondary formation, diesel, and gasoline vehicular emissions. Among them, secondary formation made the greatest contribution to observed MACR and MVK with average contributions of ~ 45% and ~ 70%, respectively. Through the yields of secondary products from the oxidation of MACR and MVK by the OH radical and the concentrations of MACR and MVK, it was found that methylglyoxal and formaldehyde were the main oxidation products of MACR and MVK at the HS site. Overall, this study evaluated the roles of primary emissions on ambient levels of MACR and MVK and advanced the understanding of photochemical oxidation of MACR and MVK in the PRD. 相似文献
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为研究影响综放开采覆岩“两带”高度预测模型,采用理论分析与经验公式方法系统分析影响覆岩“两带”高度的因素,包括覆岩岩性、覆岩组合结构、煤层赋存状态、顶板控制方法、开采厚度、工作面走向长度与倾向长度、工作面推进速度、覆岩破坏残余变形;并将上述因素划分为采矿地质因素、顶板控制方法、采煤工作面三维尺寸设计参数、时间因素4类;基于此建立综放开采“两带”高度预测模型,并通过工程实例对比、现场实测等方法进行合理性验证。结果表明:芦沟矿与盛泰矿2个工作面的“两带”高度预测值均在实测值范围之内,说明得出的回归式预测效果较好,验证综放开采“两带”高度预测模型的合理性。 相似文献