嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌对高砷尾矿生物氧化行为影响的研究

含砷尾矿在生物氧化作用下会产生大量含砷(As)酸性矿山废水，从而对周围生态环境造成严重危害，亟需系统性明晰含砷尾矿生物氧化过程中As的迁移转化规律.探究含砷尾矿生物氧化行为的影响因素有利于揭示As的迁移转化规律.以高砷尾矿(As含量>20%)为研究对象，考察了不同初始pH条件(1.2～2.8)和固体浓度(2.0～10.0 g·L^-1)对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)生物氧化行为的影响.结果表明：As的生物氧化受初始pH值和固体浓度的显著影响.As的生物氧化效率随着初始pH或固体浓度的升高呈先升高后下降的趋势；在初始pH值2.0时，观察到As的浸出率(高达92.94%)比其他初始pH条件高.在固体浓度8.0 g·L^-1时具有最优的As浸出率(高达93.24%).在所有初始pH和固体浓度条件下可以发现生物浸出前期As的浸出效率快速上升，而生物氧化中期维持相对稳定并在生物氧化后期出现下降趋势，这与微生物活性变化和黄钾铁矾的形成有关.XRD和SEM分析结果显示在生物氧化过程中微生物氧化释放的...     

化工生产安全讲座 第十讲 碳化钙生产安全

1　概述碳化钙 (Ca C2 )俗称电石。工业品呈灰色、黄褐色或黑色 ,含碳化钙较高的呈紫色。其新创断面有光泽 ,在空气中吸收水分呈灰色或灰白色。能导电 ,纯度愈高 ,导电性愈好。在空气中能吸收水分。加水分解成乙炔和氢氧化钙。与氮气作用生成氰氨化钙。电石是有机合成化学工业的基本原料之一 ,是乙炔化工的重要原料。由电石制取的乙炔广泛应用于金属焊接和切割。生产方法有氧热法和电热法。一般多采用电热法生产电石 ,即生石灰和含碳原料 (焦碳、无烟煤或石油焦 )在电石炉内 ,依靠电弧高温熔化反应而生成电石。生产流程如图 1所示。主要生…     

使用紫外闪光灯处理受污染的水,气,土壤

本文介绍了一种新的有效的处理挥发性有机化合物(VOC′S)、聚氯联苯化合物(PCB′S)和其他有机毒物的方法。这个新方法是采用高强宽谱的紫外光线(UV)直接光解有机物,分解的最终产物是无毒的单质物质。新方法的效靛优于使用中压汞灯做光源的传统 UV 处理工艺。     

泸州地区降水酸度监测及初步分析

一、概述我站从1982年8月到83年底对泸州市区的降雨酸度进行了监测,发现pH值多数在4—5之间,最低值达到3.2;城区内有些房屋、桥梁以及露天电器等亦有被酸雨腐蚀的现象。为进一步摸清我市的酸雨污染情况,我站于84年全年在全市范围内(含泸县、纳溪、合江)进行了一次比较全面和系统的酸雨普查工作。     

新型布面胶鞋开发研究

1前言 新型布面胶鞋是即将代替解放鞋的一种新型作训鞋,适用于我军的作战、训练、工作及生活场合,由于采用了新材料、新结构、新款式和新工艺,它的耐穿性和舒适性大大超过现行装备的解放鞋,帮面材料和款式与迷彩作训服协调配套,显示了时代感和军人的威严.     

西澳大利亚布罗克曼火山岩型稀有金属矿床──奈厄比厄姆凝灰岩的矿物学和地球化学

西澳大利亚布罗克曼稀有金属矿化，是富含挥发份和不相容元素（例如Zr、IJf、Nb、Ta、Be、Y和REE及Ga等）的粗面岩岩浆发生早期火山碎屑喷发的结果。矿化呈三。粒状（＜20μm），是由于相对简单的岩浆前身矿物（如铌铁矿和钻石），在岩浆喷发后保存于灰流凝灰岩［奈厄比厄姆（Niobium）凝灰岩］中的岩浆期后富F溶液的作用下，发生蚀变和再活化的结果。球粒陨石标准化的REE分布模式显示，矿体强烈富集HREE。胶质锆石是HREE主要载体，浸染状氟碳铈矿（±氟碳钙铈矿和直氟碳钙铈矿）是LREE的载体，晚期方解石脉中的羟硅滚石是Be的载体。Ga赋存于基质K云母中。上覆于奈厄比厄姆凝灰岩的粗面岩流含有许多类似的矿石矿物，但含量略有不同。     

Effect of nickel on some aspects of protein metabolism in the gill and kidney of the freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio L

Nickel has an adverse effect on some aspects of protein metabolism of the freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio. The main changes observed were: (a) Decrease in soluble, structural and total proteins, AlAT and AAT activities with an increase in the levels of free amino acids, protease and GDH activities and ammonia in the gill and kidney at 1, 2, 3, and 4 days of exposure to a lethal concentration, 40 mg litre(-1) of nickel; (b) Increase in soluble, structural and total proteins, free amino acids and the activities of protease, AlAT, AAT and GDH with a decrease in ammonia and urea in these organs at 1, 5, 10 and 15 days of exposure to sublethal concentration, 8 mg litre(-1); (c) The magnitude in these changes increased over time with both concentrations of the metal, and was more marked in gill than in kidney.     

Fluxes of ions in precipitation, throughfall and stemflow in an urban forest in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

A study was carried out to determine the chemical composition of bulk precipitation, throughfall and stemflow in an urban forest in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The mean weekly rainfall recorded during the period of study was 63.2 mm. Throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception of incident precipitation were 77.1%, 1.2% and 21.7% respectively. Bulk precipitation, througfall and stemflow were acidic, the pH recorded being 4.37, 4.71 and 4.15 respectively. In all cases the dominant ions were NO3, SO4, Cl, NH4, K, Ca and Na. Of the ions studied Ca, K, Cl, SO4, Mg and Mn showed net increases in passing through the forest canopy, while NH4, Na, NO3, Zn, H and Fe showed net retention. This study shows that the urban environment of Kuala Lumpur contributes considerable amounts of materials to the atmosphere, as reflected by the high ionic contents in bulk precipitation, throughfall and stemflow.     

Impacts of afforestation on water quality trends in two catchments in mid-Wales

The impact of afforestation on stream-water chemistry for two catchments in central Wales is investigated. Trends in water chemistry are evaluated with forest age progressing at 8-15 years and 20-27 years. To assess the possible exacerbating effect of afforestation on surface-water acidification two moorland catchments are used as controls. Absolute differences in inter-catchment streamwater chemistry are evident. Differences in acidity between the moorland and the young forest site reflect site preparation and modifications to water pathways. Differences in the observed present day chemistry between the young and old forest result from past interactions between deposition changes during forest development. An estimate of the future impact of forest growth was attained from model predictions. The model was calibrated to present day stream-water chemistry and incorporates, cation uptake, evapotranspiration/ concentration effect and increased scavenging of occult and dry deposition. Predictions suggest the pH will decline to 5.3 when the young forest progresses to 20 years of age, which is still much higher than the pH recorded at the older forest site at the age of 20 years.