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Petra Lasch Chris Kollas Joachim Rock Felicitas Suckow 《Regional Environmental Change》2010,10(2):83-94
Woody biomass generated in short-rotation coppice (SRC) plantations with aspen (Populus tremula L.) has good properties for bioenergy crop production: annual yields are high, labour input per year is low, and it is ecologically
valuable because of the multi-year rotation periods. Eastern Germany has a special advantage in producing bioenergy crops:
the former “agricultural cooperatives” built up quite large farms with, compared to Western Germany, comparatively large fields.
Therefore, a modelling study of the potential and the impacts of aspen SRC plantations in the five eastern federal states
of Germany under the recent climate and future climate projections was conducted. The ecophysiological forest growth model
4C was used to simulate the growth of aspen SRC plantations and their impacts on carbon in soils, and groundwater recharge,
on selected suitable areas currently under crops but with marginal site conditions for cropping. A clear signal to enhanced
growth condition over the whole area can be seen in the simulation of the mean annual woody biomass yield under conditions
of climate change, which increased from 7.47 t DW ha−1 a−1 under the recent climate to 9.26 t DW ha−1 a−1 at the end of the considered future period 2034–2055 under climate change. The mean soil carbon sequestration rate was 0.81 t C ha−1 a−1 under the recent climate and could rise up to 0.93 t C ha−1 a−1 under the assumption of climate change. On the other hand, the mean annual percolation rate, used as an indicator of impacts
on the regional water budget, will diminish under future climatic conditions. The results suggest that aspen SRC plantations
are a suitable contribution to regional CO2 mitigation and carbon sequestration under possible change of climate, but that negative impacts on the regional water budget
are possible. 相似文献
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Felicitas Schneider 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(3):755-763
The donation of food which is still edible can be seen as a specific application of urban mining as food is recovered for its original purpose – human intake. There are several projects implemented worldwide but due to a lack of data, scientific literature about the topic is rare. This paper summarises briefly the evolution of food donation activities and gives information on the differences and similarities of current organisations distributing food to people in need as well as the political, legal, social and logistical barriers and incentives which occur with respect to this topic. A concept for a food donation network is presented and impact on ecology, economy and society is discussed. 相似文献
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Sequence-based source tracking of Escherichia coli based on genetic diversity of beta-glucuronidase 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ram JL Ritchie RP Fang J Gonzales FS Selegean JP 《Journal of environmental quality》2004,33(3):1024-1032
High levels of fecal bacteria are a concern for recreational waters; however, the source of contamination is often unknown. This study investigated whether direct sequencing of a bacterial gene could be utilized for detecting genetic differences between bacterial strains for microbial source tracking. A 525-nucleotide segment of the gene for beta-glucuronidase (uidA) was sequenced in 941 Escherichia coli isolates from the Clinton River-Lake St. Clair watershed, 182 E. coli isolates from human and animal feces, and 34 E. coli isolates from a combined sewer. Environmental isolates exhibited 114 alleles in 11 groups on a genetic tree. Frequency of strains from different genetic groups differed significantly (p < 0.03) between upstream reaches (Bear Creek-Red Run), downstream reaches, and Lake St. Clair beaches. Fecal E. coli uidA sequences exhibited 81 alleles that overlapped with the environmental set. An algorithm to assign alleles to different host sources averaged approximately 75% correct classification with the fecal data set. Using the same algorithm, the percent of environmental isolates assignable to humans decreased significantly between Bear Creek-Red Run (30 +/- 3%) and the beaches (17 +/- 2%) (p < 0.05). Birds accounted for approximately 50% of assignable environmental isolates. For combined sewer isolates, the same algorithm assigned 51% to humans. These experiments demonstrate differences in the frequency of different E. coli strains at different locations in a watershed, and provide a "proof in principle" that sequence-based data can be used for microbial source tracking. 相似文献
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Raquel Barrena Gómez Felicitas Vázquez Lima Antoni Sánchez Ferrer 《Waste management & research》2006,24(1):37-47
Respiration is directly related to the metabolic activity of a microbial population. Micro-organisms respire at higher rates in the presence of large amounts of bioavailable organic matter while respiration rate is slower if this type of material is scarce. In the composting process respiration activity has become an important parameter for the determination of the stability of compost. It is also used for the monitoring of the composting process and it is considered an important factor for the estimation of the maturity of the material. A wide range of respirometric protocols has been reported based either on CO2 production, O2 uptake or release of heat. The most common methods are those based on O2 uptake. Respirometric assays are affected by a number of parameters including temperature, humidity, and both incubation and pre-incubation conditions. Results from respirometries are generally expressed as 'respiration indices', most of them with their own units and basis. In consequence, some confusion exists when referring and comparing respiration indices. This is particularly important because current and future legislations define and measure the biological stability of waste on the basis of respiration activity of the material. This paper discusses and compares most common respiration indices currently used. 相似文献
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Felicitas?SuckowEmail author Petra?Lasch-Born Friedrich-Wilhelm?Gerstengarbe Peter?C.?Werner Christopher?P.?O.?Reyer 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(6):1671-1683
The objective of this paper is to analyse the impacts of climate change on a pine forest stand in Central Siberia (Zotino) to assess benefits and risks for such forests in the future. We use the regional statistical climate model STARS to develop a set of climate change scenarios assuming a temperature increase by mid-century of 1, 2, 3 and 4 K. The process-based forest growth model 4C is applied to a 200-year-old pine forest to analyse impacts on carbon and water balance as well as the risk of fire under these climate change scenarios. The climate scenarios indicate precipitation increases mainly during winter and decreases during summer with increasing temperature trend. They cause rising forest productivity up to about 20 % in spite of increasing respiration losses. At the same time, the water-use efficiency increases slightly from 2.0 g C l?1 H2O under current climate to 2.1 g C l?1 H2O under 4 K scenario indicating that higher water losses from increasing evapotranspiration do not appear to lead to water limitations for the productivity at this site. The simulated actual evaporation increases by up to 32 %, but the climatic water balance decreases by up to 20 % with increasing temperature trend. In contrast, the risk of fire indicated by the Nesterov index clearly increases. Our analysis confirms increasing productivity of the boreal pine stand but also highlights increasing drought stress and risks from abiotic disturbances which could cancel out productivity gains. 相似文献
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Potentials for the prevention of municipal solid waste 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Salhofer S Obersteiner G Schneider F Lebersorger S 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2008,28(2):245-259
Waste prevention has been assigned the highest priority under European waste management law. However, the initiatives which have been taken so far have not reduced the regular annual increase in total waste arising across Europe. The purpose of this paper is to quantify and analyze in depth the prevention potential for selected case studies (advertising material, beverage packaging, diapers, food waste, waste from events). Only such measures are considered, which do not require a reduction of consumption. The prevention potentials for household waste in theory are exemplified for the city of Vienna, also with a view to barriers that may reduce the achievable prevention potential. The results show that the prevention potentials for the analyzed individual measures can reach an order of magnitude of some 10% of the relevant waste stream (e.g., advertising material, beverage packaging), or rather 1-3% of municipal solid waste. The prevention potentials appear to be relatively small in relation to the total municipal waste quantities. Methodological shortcomings, such as the missing availability of basic data, make it difficult to exactly estimate the impact of waste prevention measures on waste quantities, which is only one of the effects of waste prevention among other ecological, social and economic aspects. 相似文献
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With the development of modern waste management systems in Western Europe, a remarkable increase in the distances for waste transportation has been observed. The question thus arises whether recycling with longer transport distances is ecologically advantageous or whether disposal without recycling is to be preferred. This situation was analysed using selected product and waste streams. This included refrigerators, paper, polyethylene films and expanded polystyrene. For each of these streams, a life cycle analysis was conducted with an emphasis on waste transport. The system boundaries were set in terms of the generation of waste to recycling or landfilling. The comparison included several scenarios with recycling and different transport distances. Landfilling was used as the reference scenario. The results obtained demonstrated how transport distances influence the ecological benefit of recycling. In the case of expanded polystyrene, the ecological boundaries are reached in practical situations, while with other materials these boundaries are far from being attained. In these cases, more complex and elaborate collection schemes, such as kerbside collection, which is economically convenient and shows the highest collection rates, can also be recommended. 相似文献
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Claudia Borgioli Giovanni Maria Marchetti Felicitas Scapini 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,45(2):79-85
Under stressful conditions (e.g. finding themselves on dry or moisture-saturated substrates) littoral talitrids (Crustacea,
Amphipoda) demonstrate zonal orientation, in which they must promptly reach the optimal zone of the beach, the wet fringe
near the shoreline. A relationship might therefore exist between the use of orientation and the frequency of such stressful
conditions in the natural environment. Moreover, the efficiency of orientation toward the sea could be related to the possibility
of using strategies other than zonal orientation in order to avoid stress. This study analysed the actual use and efficiency
of orientation under natural conditions of four Talitrus saltator (Montagu, 1808) populations from Mediterranean and northern European Atlantic coasts with different ecological features.
Orientation tests were carried out on the beach with all natural cues available. Then the same individuals underwent control
experiments to study their sun orientation far from the sea in an experimental arena. The following results emerge from the
comparison of the circular distributions: (1) marked differences among populations in the precision of zonal recovery under
natural conditions; (2) a common solar orientation capacity in the control tests far from the sea; (3) different orientation
choices of the same individuals according to the test conditions, natural or controlled. The habitat diversity of the four
populations (amount, distribution and kind of detritus and wrack on the beach, degree of coastal erosion, orientation of the
shoreline, human use of the beach) provides an ecological interpretation for the differences in orientation observed among
populations.
Received: 13 October 1997 / Accepted after revision: 26 April 1998 相似文献
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