内螺纹变截面铜管拉伸工艺的研究

此文提出了内螺纹变截面铜管分段拉仲一次成形新工艺,并就工艺因素对该管拉伸成形的影响进行了试验研究,从而为合理制订成形工艺提供了依据。     

金属加工过程中应力状态的分析方法

分析简单地拉伸、压缩和扭转的情况时,应力状态能容易地被确定.但是,实际上在金属加工过程中材料是承受复杂的应力状态,在模具——工件接触面上增加有摩擦力.而且,这些应力和摩擦力一般地沿着接触面变化.准确的计算或预测载荷、力、应力和温度,不但对设计适宜的设备是重要的,而且对研究工艺期间材料的变化过程也是重要的.本文将讨论材料变形过程中所运用的主要分析方法及其优缺点.     

圆形烟道烟尘采样点位置确定之正误

采样点位置的确定是烟尘测试中的一项基础工作。在全国沿用10多年的确定圆形圆形烟道烟尘采样点位置的计算表中的数据,经验算有60％有误;原来以烟道中心为基准的计算公式虽然正确,但实用性差。为了进一步完善烟气测试理论,提高监测质量,提出以烟道内壁为基准的新计算公式。运用新、旧2种计算公式得到一致的计算结果—新计算表,进一步证实了原计算表中的错误。     

Cr(Ⅵ)踪迹指标现场测定用于铬污染地下水源解析

根据研究区地下水样品测试结果,该文选定与Cr(Ⅵ)极强相关,且物理化学性质较稳定的钠离子作为研究地下水中Cr(Ⅵ)迁移规律的踪迹指标,并采用钠离子复合电极建立了踪迹指标现场检测方法。实验结果表明,钠离子浓度在5～500 mg/L线性范围内的电极响应斜率为-61.09 mV/pNa(103%),方法检出限为0.69 mg/L,加标回收率为92.8%～103.4%,现场测试结果与实验室测试结果一致。该研究根据踪迹指标钠离子与污染物现场检测数据,构建了钠离子与Cr(Ⅵ)浓度比值的对数函数,并有效识别出主污染源、次级污染源、污染物迁移主路径、潜在污染区、潜在影响区及背景区,为铬渣类污染场地土壤和地下水环境风险评价及污染修复提供了技术支撑和参考依据。     

7B04铝合金和30CrMnSiA钢短期腐蚀的电化学行为研究

目的研究7B04铝合金和30CrMnSiA合金钢试样的电化学性能。方法采用电化学实验、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、腐蚀坑深度测试分别对7B04铝合金和30CrMnSiA合金钢试样在是否经过天然海水浸泡的情况下进行测试分析,得到微观腐蚀形貌和腐蚀坑深度以及试样表面不带锈和带锈时的电化学性能。结果随着Na Cl浓度增大,7B04铝合金和30CrMnSiA钢的自腐蚀电流变大,两者之间存在明显的电位差,接触后会发生电偶腐蚀。电偶电流与阴阳极面积比和Na Cl浓度有关,阴阳极面积比增大或Na Cl浓度升高均会导致电偶效应增强。经过海水短期浸泡后,7B04铝合金表面的锈层不仅没有起到抑制腐蚀的作用,反而使自腐蚀加重,但电偶效应确实有所减弱。结论沿海设备在使用过程中应竭力避免铝合金在锈层下工作。     

飞机用铝合金腐蚀行为和腐蚀预测研究现状及问题分析

针对不同的航空铝合金结构及部位,从腐蚀机理、腐蚀行为和腐蚀预测技术三方面较为系统地分析了研究现状及进展。在此基础上,明确了航空铝合金腐蚀预测技术需要进一步研究的问题,分别为飞机结构表面腐蚀环境的确定问题,材料在海洋大气环境下腐蚀电化学性能的准确测量问题,腐蚀预测模型的选取问题。     

Bi-national assessment of the Great Lakes: SOLEC partnerships

Many administrative jurisdictions have authority over parts of the Great Lakes, sometimes with competing purposes as well as governance at differing scales of time and space. As demand increases for high quality information that is relevant to environmental managers, environmental and natural resource agencies with limited budgets must look to interdisciplinary, collaborative approaches for the collection, analysis and reporting of data. The State of the Lakes Ecosystem Conferences (SOLEC) were begun in 1994 in response to reporting requirements of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between Canada and the U.S. The biennial conferences provide independent, science-based reporting on the state of health of the Great Lakes ecosystem components. A suite of indicators necessary and sufficient to assess Great Lakes ecosystem status was introduced in 1998, and assessments based on a subset of the indicators were presented in 2000. Because SOLEC is a multi-agency, multi-jurisdictional reporting venue, the SOLEC indicators require acceptance by a broad spectrum of stakeholders in the Great Lakes basin. The SOLEC indicators list is expected to provide the basis for government agencies and other organizations to collaborate more effectively and to allocate resources to data collection, evaluation and reporting on the state of the Great Lakes basin ecosystem.     

Conservation and management applications of the REEF volunteer fish monitoring program

The REEF Fish Survey Project is a volunteer fish monitoring program developed by the Reef Environmental Education Foundation (REEF). REEF volunteers collect fish distribution and abundance data using a standardized visual method during regular diving and snorkeling activities. Survey data are recorded on preprinted data sheets that are returned to REEF and optically digitized. Data are housed in a publicly accessible database on REEF's Web site (http: //www.reef.org). Since the project's inception in 1993, over 40,000 surveys have been conducted in the coastal waters of North America, tropical western Atlantic, Gulf of California and Hawaii. The Fish Survey Project has been incorporated into existing monitoring programs through partnerships with government agencies, scientists, conservation organizations, and private institutions. REEF's partners benefit from the educational value and increased stewardship resulting from volunteer data collection. Applications of the data include an evaluation of fish/habitat interactions in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, the development of a multi-species trend analysis method to identify sites of management concern, assessment of the current distribution of species, status reports on fish assemblages of marine parks, and the evaluation of no-take zones in the Florida Keys. REEF's collaboration with a variety of partners, combined with the Fish Survey Project's standardized census method and database management system, has resulted in a successful citizen science monitoring program.