The role of agri‐environment schemes in conservation and environmental management

Over half of the European landscape is under agricultural management and has been for millennia. Many species and ecosystems of conservation concern in Europe depend on agricultural management and are showing ongoing declines. Agri‐environment schemes (AES) are designed partly to address this. They are a major source of nature conservation funding within the European Union (EU) and the highest conservation expenditure in Europe. We reviewed the structure of current AES across Europe. Since a 2003 review questioned the overall effectiveness of AES for biodiversity, there has been a plethora of case studies and meta‐analyses examining their effectiveness. Most syntheses demonstrate general increases in farmland biodiversity in response to AES, with the size of the effect depending on the structure and management of the surrounding landscape. This is important in the light of successive EU enlargement and ongoing reforms of AES. We examined the change in effect size over time by merging the data sets of 3 recent meta‐analyses and found that schemes implemented after revision of the EU's agri‐environmental programs in 2007 were not more effective than schemes implemented before revision. Furthermore, schemes aimed at areas out of production (such as field margins and hedgerows) are more effective at enhancing species richness than those aimed at productive areas (such as arable crops or grasslands). Outstanding research questions include whether AES enhance ecosystem services, whether they are more effective in agriculturally marginal areas than in intensively farmed areas, whether they are more or less cost‐effective for farmland biodiversity than protected areas, and how much their effectiveness is influenced by farmer training and advice? The general lesson from the European experience is that AES can be effective for conserving wildlife on farmland, but they are expensive and need to be carefully designed and targeted.     

泥炭净化含油污水的研究

泥炭比重小、质量轻，富含有机质，是一种吸附能力很强的吸油材料。本文通过大量试验论述了泥炭净化含油污水的实验条件和方法。结果表明。泥炭经热加工处理后，由原来的亲水性变成疏水性，在含油污水中实现吸油而不吸水；采用不同的净化方式效果不同，静态方式泥炭可吸附其自身重量的５－１０倍的油，动态吸油高达１０倍以上；藓类泥炭、草木泥炭及木本泥炭对油的吸附效果也不同，分别可吸附油６—９．５Ｌ／Ｋｇ、４—８Ｌ－／Ｋｇ和１—２．５Ｌ／Ｌｇ。     

Debriefing with teachers after the Marmara earthquake: an evaluation study1

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the debriefing meetings conducted after the 1999 earthquakes in Marmara, Turkey. The sample consisted of 265 teachers, 223 of whom attended the debriefing meetings. The personal satisfaction ratings of the teachers who attended the meetings revealed that they found the sessions satisfactory. The results of the comparison between those who reported that they benefited from the meetings and those who felt they did not indicated that the first group had lower scores on all of the psychopathology measures. A comparison between 42 teachers who did not attend the meetings and a randomly chosen group of 45 teachers who did attend revealed that the two groups differed significantly in terms of their post‐traumatic stress symptom scores. The findings of the study suggest that, in general, the teachers' debriefing sessions were satisfactory.     

损伤固体推进剂冲击波作用危险性研究

利用轻气炮产生飞片直接撞击改性双基推进剂及丁羟复合团体推进剂。通过对不同加载条件下回收试件的微观观察，得到不同损伤程度的推进剂，利用锰铜压阻计研究损伤推进剂及未损伤推进剂的冲击起爆过程。结果表明，对已损伤的推进剂．其冲击波作用危险性大大增加。     

Serum concentrations of indicator PCB congeners in the Czech adult population

In 2006, levels of seven indicator polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCB28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) in blood serum of 202 blood donors residing for more than 2 years in five urban areas included in the Czech Human Biomonitoring project were measured by GC/MS/MS method. PCB congeners 138, 153 and 180 accounted for about 97% of the sum of the indicator congeners analyzed. Overall, the median and 95th percentile of the most abundant congener PCB 153 were 438 ng/g lipid and 1079 ng/g lipid, respectively. The highest median levels were found in Uherské Hradiste (669 ng/g lipid) and Ostrava (672 ng/g lipid in males compared to 341 ng/g lipid in females). Serum PCB concentrations were significantly associated with age, gender, place of residence and smoking habit, but not with body mass index and education. The results suggest the importance of PCB body burden in the Czech general population and the existence of hot spots.     

饮用水中硝酸盐污染及其去除技术

本文主要叙述了饮用水中硝酸盐污染的途径危害及各种去除技术与其最新进展     

基于模糊聚类分析的矿井突水预测及危险性评价

运用模糊数学的基本原理，分析了矿井地下水突水条件及其影响因素，通过模糊聚类的实例分析，建立了区分矿山井下工作面突水的危险性预测与判别标准，为井下地下水防治和矿山安全生产提供了重要保证。