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排序方式: 共有68条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Algarve Thaís Doeler Assmann Charles Elias Cadoná Francine Carla Machado Alencar Kolinski Manica-Cattani Maria Fernanda Sato-Miyata Yukiko Asano Tsunaki Duarte Marta Maria Medeiros Frescura Ribeiro Euler Esteves Aigaki Toshiro da Cruz Ivana Beatrice Mânica 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(15):15069-15083
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Methylmercury (MeHg) is a well-known environmental pollutant associated with neurological and developmental deficits in animals and humans. However,... 相似文献
2.
Jan Ahlers Robert Diderich Ursula Klaschka Annette Marschner Beatrice Schwarz-Schulz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1994,1(2):117-123
Most of the existing chemicals of high priority have been released into the environment for many years. Risk assessments for existing chemicals are now conducted within the framework of the German Existing Chemicals Program and by the EC Regulation on Existing Substances. The environmental assessment of a chemical involves:
- exposure assessment leading to the derivation of a predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of a chemical from releases due to its production, processing, use, and disposal. The calculation of a PEC takes into account the dispersion of a chemical into different environmental compartments, elimination and dilution processes, as well as degradation. Monitoring data are also considered.
- effects assessment. Data obtained from acute or long-term toxicity tests are used for extrapolation on environmental conditions. In order to calculate the concentration with expectedly no adverse effect on organisms (Predicted No Effect Concentration, PNEC) the effect values are divided by an assessment factor. This assessment factor depends on the quantity and quality of toxicity data available.
3.
Carl Folke Stephen Polasky Johan Rockstrm Victor Galaz Frances Westley Michle Lamont Marten Scheffer Henrik
sterblom Stephen R. Carpenter F. Stuart Chapin III Karen C. Seto Elke U. Weber Beatrice I. Crona Gretchen C. Daily Partha Dasgupta Owen Gaffney Line J. Gordon Holger Hoff Simon A. Levin Jane Lubchenco Will Steffen Brian H. Walker 《Ambio》2021,50(4):834
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed an interconnected and tightly coupled globalized world in rapid change. This article sets the scientific stage for understanding and responding to such change for global sustainability and resilient societies. We provide a systemic overview of the current situation where people and nature are dynamically intertwined and embedded in the biosphere, placing shocks and extreme events as part of this dynamic; humanity has become the major force in shaping the future of the Earth system as a whole; and the scale and pace of the human dimension have caused climate change, rapid loss of biodiversity, growing inequalities, and loss of resilience to deal with uncertainty and surprise. Taken together, human actions are challenging the biosphere foundation for a prosperous development of civilizations. The Anthropocene reality—of rising system-wide turbulence—calls for transformative change towards sustainable futures. Emerging technologies, social innovations, broader shifts in cultural repertoires, as well as a diverse portfolio of active stewardship of human actions in support of a resilient biosphere are highlighted as essential parts of such transformations. 相似文献
4.
Forest degradation in West Africa is generally thought to have negative consequences on rural livelihoods but there is little overview of its effects in the region because the importance of forests to rural livelihoods has never been adequately quantified. Based on data from 1014 rural households across Burkina Faso and Ghana this paper attempts to fill this knowledge gap. We demonstrate that agricultural lands and the non-forest environment including parklands are considerably more valuable to poor as well as more well-off rural households than forests. Furthermore, product types supplied by the non-forest environment are almost identical with those from forests. Accordingly, forest clearance/degradation is profitable for and, hence, probably performed by rural people at large. We attribute rural people's high reliance on non-forest versus forest resources to the two countries' restrictive and inequitable forest policies which must be reformed to promote effective forest conservation, e.g., to mitigate climate change. 相似文献
5.
6.
Ecosystem-based management (EBM) has become a key instrument of contemporary environmental policy and practice. Given the increasingly important role of EBM, there is an urgent need for improved analytical approaches to assess if and to what extent EBM has been accomplished in any given case. Drawing on the vast literature on EBM, we identify five key ecosystem aspects for assessment. By linking these aspects to four phases of management, we develop an interdisciplinary, analytical framework that enables a high-resolution and systematic assessment of the degree of specificity and integration of ecosystem aspects in an EBM. We then apply the framework to evaluate five coastal EBM initiatives in Sweden, four on the Baltic coast and one on the west coast. Our results demonstrate our framework’s usefulness for in-depth and continuous assessments of processes aiming for EBM, and also provide an empirical basis for inferences about the key challenges for successful EBM. 相似文献
7.
Ian C. Gilby Lauren J. N. Brent Emily E. Wroblewski Rebecca S. Rudicell Beatrice H. Hahn Jane Goodall Anne E. Pusey 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(3):373-381
Coalitionary aggression occurs when at least two individuals jointly direct aggression at one or more conspecific targets. Scientists have long argued that this common form of cooperation has positive fitness consequences. Nevertheless, despite evidence that social bond strength (which is thought to promote coalition formation) is correlated with fitness in primates, cetaceans, and ungulates, few studies have directly examined whether coalitionary aggression improves reproductive success. We tested the hypothesis that among free-ranging chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii), participation in coalitionary aggression increases reproductive output. Using 14 years of genetic and behavioral data from Gombe National Park, Tanzania, we found that coalitionary aggression increased a male’s chances of (A) siring offspring, compared to other males of similar dominance rank, and (B) ascending in rank, a correlate of future reproductive output. Because male chimpanzees form coalitions with many others within a complex network, we used social network analysis to identify the types of connections correlated with these fitness benefits. The beneficiaries of coalitionary aggression were males with the highest “betweenness”—that is, those who tended to have coalition partners who themselves did not form coalitions with each other. This suggests that beyond simply recognizing third-party relationships, chimpanzees may use this knowledge to choose coalition partners. If so, this is a significant step forward in our knowledge of the adaptive value of social intelligence. Regardless of mechanism, however, this is the first evidence of genetic benefits of coalitionary aggression in this species, and therefore has important implications for understanding the evolution of cooperation. 相似文献
8.
Francesca R. Grati Francesca Malvestiti Beatrice Grimi Elisa Gaetani Anna Maria Di Meco Anna Trotta Rosaria Liuti Sara Chinetti Francesca Dulcetti Anna Maria Ruggeri Cristina Agrati Giuditta Frascoli Silvia Milani Simona De Toffol Lorenza Martinoni Silvia Paganini Livia Marcato Federico Maggi Giuseppe Simoni 《黑龙江环境通报》2013,33(5):502-508
9.
Criteria for the Assessment of Sustainable Water Management 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Hedelin B 《Environmental management》2007,39(2):151-163
Pressure on the world’s water resources is increasing, restraining social and economic development in many countries, and
threatening ecological values in others. In order to manage water resources in a more sustainable manner, new planning methodologies/processes
for river basin management need to be developed. This study attempts to construct a set of useable normative criteria for
the analysis and evaluation of such processes. The criteria were designed as a response to the lack of deductive approaches
in the evaluation of methodologies and working procedures used in the context of river basin management, making it possible
to highlight their potential for sustainable development. The criteria are based on the twin concepts of participation and integration. These concepts function as well-established dimensions of both sustainable development and sustainable river basin management,
and they are of significant methodological relevance. A synthesis of the key aspects connected to the two concepts is undertaken,
based on a broad literature review. Focus is laid on how in methodological terms, and in relation to regional water management,
to achieve participation and integration in a decision-making or planning process. The criteria are concerned with how knowledge
and values are integrated into the planning process and how commitment, legitimacy, or acceptance for the resulting plan is
generated. 相似文献
10.
To achieve a safe and reliable drinking water supply, water producers need to manage a large range of risks regarding both water quality and quantity. A risk management approach where risks are systematically identified and handled in a preventive manner is promoted by the World Health Organization and supported by researchers and drinking water experts worldwide. Risk assessment is an important part of such a management approach, and a variety of tools for risk assessment are described in the literature. There is, however, little knowledge of how drinking water risk assessment is performed in practice, including which tools that are actually used. This study investigates the use of risk assessment tools, and the approach to risk management, on a local level in the Swedish water sector. It is based on interviews with key persons from a targeted selection of water producers. We find that the application of tools as well as the approach to risk assessment and management differs considerably between the water producers. The tools most frequently used are mainly the ones promoted or required by Swedish national organizations. Although many of the water producers have done some kind of risk assessment, most have not implemented a risk management approach. Furthermore, their knowledge of the concepts of risk and risk management is often limited. The largest challenge identified is to prioritize risk assessment, so that it is actually performed and then used as a basis for managing risk in a systematic way. 相似文献