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排序方式: 共有116条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Geneletti D 《Journal of environmental management》2005,76(3):255-262
One of the main objectives of landscape ecology is to orient land-use planning by providing indications of optimal ecosystem patterning to support nature conservation. A frequent limitation to the practical use of the findings of landscape ecological studies is that they tend to focus on the identification and computation of indicators rather than on their interpretation and assessment. This paper presents and discusses the use of a methodology to formalise expert opinion through the elicitation of multi-attribute value functions. In particular, the value functions aim at assessing spatial indicators so as to provide an overall judgment of the viability of different ecosystem patches. The result consisted of the ranking of the ecosystems according to their degree of viability and therefore their suitability for nature conservation. The method of formalising expert opinion and knowledge complements traditional analyses based on the measurement of spatial ecological indicators. 相似文献
3.
Minero C Maurino V Bono F Pelizzetti E Marinoni A Mailhot G Carlotti ME Vione D 《Chemosphere》2007,68(11):2111-2117
The effect of selected organic and inorganic compounds, present in snow and cloudwater was studied. Photolysis of solutions of nitrate to nitrite was carried out in the laboratory using a UVB light source. The photolysis and other reactions were then modelled. It is shown that formate, formaldehyde, methanesulphonate, and chloride to a lesser extent, can increase the initial formation rate of nitrite. The effect, particularly significant for formate and formaldehyde, is unlikely to be caused by scavenging of hydroxyl radicals. The experimental data obtained in this work suggest that possible causes are the reduction of nitrogen dioxide and nitrate by radical species formed on photooxidation of the organic compounds. Hydroxyl scavenging by organic and inorganic compounds would not affect the initial formation rate of nitrite, but would protect it from oxidation, therefore, increasing the concentration values reached at long irradiation times. The described processes can be relevant to cloudwater and the quasi-liquid layer on the surface of ice and snow, considering that in the polar regions irradiated snow layers are important sources of nitrous acid to the atmosphere. Formate and (at a lesser extent) formaldehyde are the compounds that play the major role in the described processes of nitrite/nitrous acid photoformation by initial rate enhancement and hydroxyl scavenging. 相似文献
4.
Photoinduced transformation processes of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,6-dichlorophenol on nitrate irradiation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) undergo oxidation, nitrosation and nitration in the presence of nitrate under UV irradiation. Nitration is favoured under acidic conditions, most likely because HNO(2) is formed on nitrate photolysis. The most likely photonitration pathway is the reaction between radiation-excited dichlorophenols (DCP*) and HNO(2). HNO(2) is also able to nitrate DCP in the dark with elevated yields. Irradiation also causes DCP direct photolysis, which is more efficient for the dichlorophenolate anions. The photolysis of the dichlorophenols and that of the dichlorophenolates also produce different intermediates, by dechlorination in the former and ring contraction in the latter case. 相似文献
5.
Davide Chiaroni Vittorio Chiesa Simone Franzò Federico Frattini 《International Journal of Green Energy》2017,14(11):889-898
This article investigates the impact that the electricity tariff reform is likely to have on investments in renewable energies (i.e., photovoltaics) and the adoption of energy efficiency measures (i.e., installation of heat pumps and efficient home appliances) in the residential market in Italy. The study develops detailed cost comparisons and simulations considering two different investment scenarios (before and after the reform) to conclude that the reform will: (i) have a negative impact on investments in photovoltaic systems; (ii) favor the adoption of energy efficiency measures, such as efficient home appliances. 相似文献
6.
Fabjola Bilo Laura Borgese Davide Cazzago Annalisa Zacco Elza Bontempi Rita Guarneri Marco Bernardello Silvia Attuati Pranvera Lazo Laura E. Depero 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(23):13208-13214
Total reflection x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF) is proposed for the elemental chemical analysis of crustal environmental samples, such as sediments and soils. A comparative study of TXRF with respect to flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy was performed. Microwave acid digestion and suspension preparation methods are evaluated. A good agreement was found among the results obtained with different spectroscopic techniques and sample preparation methods for Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn. We demonstrated that TXRF is suitable for the assessment of environmental contamination phenomena, even if the errors for Pb, As, V, and Ba are ingent. 相似文献
7.
Organic Farming Benefits Local Plant Diversity in Vineyard Farms Located in Intensive Agricultural Landscapes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The majority of research on organic farming has considered arable and grassland farming systems in Central and Northern Europe,
whilst only a few studies have been carried out in Mediterranean agro-systems, such as vineyards, despite their economic importance.
The main aim of the study was to test whether organic farming enhances local plant species richness in both crop and non-crop
areas of vineyard farms located in intensive conventional landscapes. Nine conventional and nine organic farms were selected
in an intensively cultivated region (i.e. no gradient in landscape composition) in northern Italy. In each farm, vascular
plants were sampled in one vineyard and in two non-crop linear habitats, grass strips and hedgerows, adjacent to vineyards
and therefore potentially influenced by farming. We used linear mixed models to test the effect of farming, and species longevity
(annual vs. perennial) separately for the three habitat types. In our intensive agricultural landscapes organic farming promoted
local plant species richness in vineyard fields, and grassland strips while we found no effect for linear hedgerows. Differences
in species richness were not associated to differences in species composition, indicating that similar plant communities were
hosted in vineyard farms independently of the management type. This negative effect of conventional farming was probably due
to the use of herbicides, while mechanical operations and mowing regime did not differ between organic and conventional farms.
In grassland strips, and only marginally in vineyards, we found that the positive effect of organic farming was more pronounced
for perennial than annual species. 相似文献
8.
R. Baciocchi G. Costa E. Lategano C. Marini A. Polettini R. Pomi P. Postorino S. Rocca 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(7):1310-1317
This paper investigates the effects of accelerated carbonation on the characteristics of bottom ash from refuse derived fuel (RDF) incineration, in terms of CO2 uptake, heavy metal leaching and mineralogy of different particle size fractions. Accelerated aqueous carbonation batch experiments were performed to assess the influence of operating parameters (temperature, CO2 pressure and L/S ratio) on reaction kinetics. Pressure was found to be the most relevant parameter affecting the carbonation yield. This was also found to be largely dependent on the specific BA fraction treated, with CO2 uptakes ranging from ~4% for the coarse fractions to ~14% for the finest one. Carbonation affected both the mineralogical characteristics of bottom ash, with the appearance of neo-formation minerals, and the leaching behaviour of the material, which was found to be mainly related to the change upon carbonation in the natural pH of the ash. 相似文献
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10.
Tiziano Gomiero Davide Pettenella Giang Phan Trieu Maurizio G. Paoletti 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2000,2(2):119-142
Vietnam, in the ongoing transition to market economies, has to cope with high rural poverty and a dramatic process of forest loss and environment degradation, particularly in the mountainous regions. The government considers rural poverty as the main cause of environment degradation, associated with slash-and-burn cultivation and to an unclear definition of property rights on forest land. In 1993, the government launched a Forest Land Allocation programme aiming to lease forest lands to individual households and, on this basis, to solve food security problems, halt the increasing environment degradation and preserve the remaining forests.To evaluate the results of this land reform policy, two upland pilot communes have been intensively monitored. The environmental and economic impacts of the forest land reform allocation in the two study areas are presented, after providing a background on the Vietnamese situation of mountain zones. On the basis of these findings, it is discussed as to whether the current forest land allocation process may actually promote local development and natural resources conservation, and under what conditions. Deforestation problems must be tackled also with new macroeconomic policies (e.g. credit programmes to support sustainable agriculture practices) and social policy (e.g. reduction of demographic pressure), together with the reform of the State institutions (e.g. State Forest Enterprises) involved in management of the forest areas. 相似文献