酸雨防治迫切性浅析

文章从水体，植物，建筑群，人体健康等几个方面，详细讨论了酸雨防治的迫切性，通过对宜宾，桂林，宁波等几个的酸 雨调查监测进行综合分析，对我国，尤其是宁波地区的酸雨污染现状提出了看法，并结合地形各种因素对酸雨的防治对策进行了一些探讨。     

砖瓦厂氟化物排放研究

砖瓦厂是重要的大气污染源。通过模拟试验和现场测定，研究了制砖中氟的释放与温度的关系，成品砖内氟的残留分布和砖瓦厂氟的无组织排放等，在此基础上提出了砖瓦厂生产中氟的释放率为５４．３％。这些结果对防治砖恒心各氟的污染有参考意义。     

巯基化合物在万寿菊镉解毒中的作用

采用水培实验方法研究了万寿菊体内镉积累和解毒与巯基化合物含量的关系。万寿菊植株分别在镉浓度为0、0.1、0.5、2和8 mg/L的营养液中暴露7 d,测定了根、茎、叶中镉、非蛋白巯基(NPT)、半胱氨酸(Cys)、γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸(γ-EC)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和植物络合素(PCs)的含量。植物根、茎、叶中镉含量都随着镉暴露浓度的增加而增加。当溶液中镉浓度较低(0.1～2 mg/L)时,茎叶中NPT、PCs、Cys和γ-EC含量随着镉浓度增加而增大;当镉浓度较高(8 mg/L)时,茎叶中PCs含量迅速降低,GSH含量大幅度增高。在根部,这些巯基化合物的含量几乎不受镉处理影响,且含量较低。以上研究结果表明:PCs在万寿菊镉的解毒机制中发挥一定的作用,暴露于高浓度的镉,GSH比PCs起着更为重要的解毒作用。     

Elevated atmospheric deposition and dynamics of mercury in a remote upland forest of southwestern China

Mt. Gongga area in southwest China was impacted by Hg emissions from industrial activities and coal combustion, and annual means of atmospheric TGM and PHg concentrations at a regional background station were 3.98 ng m⁻³ and 30.7 pg m⁻³, respectively. This work presents a mass balance study of Hg in an upland forest in this area. Atmospheric deposition was highly elevated in the study area, with the annual mean THg deposition flux of 92.5 μg m⁻² yr⁻¹. Total deposition was dominated by dry deposition (71.8%), and wet deposition accounted for the remaining 28.2%. Forest was a large pool of atmospheric Hg, and nearly 76% of the atmospheric input was stored in forest soil. Volatilization and stream outflow were identified as the two major pathways for THg losses from the forest, which yielded mean output fluxes of 14.0 and 8.6 μg m⁻² yr⁻¹, respectively.     

利用氨水对液体烟幕残留物自净化的方法

针对军事上大量使用的液体烟幕的残留物所存在的严重污染问题，研究了利用氨水的自净化法。探讨了自净化的机理和氨水的不同浓度、不同用量对净化效果的影响。该方法简单、高效，既可保持烟幕本身的功用特性，又可解决其残留物的严重污染问题，具有重要的环保价值，也是在军事运用中强调环保的一种有益尝试。     

西庄河流域土地利用方式对土壤肥力影响的研究

采用野外调查、取样和实验分析相结合的方法对云南省保山市西庄河山地流域内4种主要土地利用方式（林地、耕地、茶园、灌丛）的土壤理化性质进行对比研究,讨论了不同土地利用方式对土壤肥力的影响,结果表明,不同的土地利用方式对土壤肥力具有比较明显的影响：土壤有机质和全氮质量分数变化从大到小依次为灌丛＞林地＞茶园＞耕地;磷、钾元素表现为耕地＞茶园＞林地＞灌丛;土壤阳离子交换量表现为耕地＞茶园＞灌丛＞林地;盐基饱和度表现为耕地＞灌丛＞林地＞茶园;农业耕作活动对表层土壤物理性质影响明显。     

镍的作物效应及临界值研究

在三种紫色土（酸性，中性，石灰性）上添加Ｎｉ（０，１０，３０，６０，１００，２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ土）进行莴笋盆栽试验，结果表明：低浓度的Ｎｉ能刺激作物生长，而高浓度的Ｎｉ则阻碍作物生长，使叶片黄化。三种土因性质及本身肥力水平的差异，使酸性紫色土上作物Ｎｉ最敏感，石灰性紫色土上次之，中性紫色土上最不敏感，且Ｎｉ在作物体内分配规律也有所不同，比较了土壤全Ｎｉ，有效Ｎｉ，植株根Ｎｉ作为的临界值的优越性，结果     

BP神经网络在降水酸度预测中的应用

本文利用南昌市城市大气中SO2、NOX、TSP等浓度数据及降尘数据建立了BP神经网络的降雨酸度预测模型，结果表明：BP神经网络的预测模型不仅能较好地反映致酸因素与降水酸度的相互关系，而且预测精度也高于多元回归等模型。     

Distribution characteristics of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in the Yangtze River Delta

In this work, a method was developed and optimized for the analysis of polyfluoroalkyl and/or perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) content in surface water and sediment samples with high instrumental response and good separation. Surface water and sediment samples were collected from the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) to analyze the distribution characteristics of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids(PFSAs), perfluoroalkyl phosphonic acids(PFPAs), perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids(PFPiAs), and polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters(di PAPs). The results showed that the total concentrations of PFCAs and PFSAs in YRD varied from 31 to 902 ng/L. PFCAs(≥ 11 carbons) and PFSAs(≥ 10 carbons atoms) were not detected in any surface water samples. The mean concentrations of all PFCAs and PFSAs in surface water from the sampling areas decreased in the following order:Yangtze river(191 ng/L) ≈ Taihu lake(189 ng/L) Huangpu river(122 ng/L) ≈ Qiantang river(120 ng/L) Jiaxing urban river(100 ng/L). Strong significant(p 0.05) correlations between the concentrations of many of the compounds were found in the sampling areas, suggesting a common source for these compounds. Only perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) was observed in all sediment samples, at concentrations varying from 0.02 to 1.35 ng/g. Finally, detection rates of two di PAPs were only 8% and 10%, respectively and the concentration of di PAPs was two to three times lower compared to PFCAs and PFSAs.