基于关联性及趋势性分析的AVHRR NDVI及#br# MODIS NDVI数据产品比较

针对AVHRR NDVI和MODIS NDVI数据集中不同数据产品间的差异和区域适应性问题，利用2003~2013年重叠时间段MODIS Terra/Aqua的NDVI Collection 5(C5)和Collection 6(C6)产品以及AVHRR NDVI中的GIMMS NDVI3g产品，选择汉江流域典型区域进行数据对比分析。通过关联指数IOAs(Index of Association)来评价各数据在季节波动上的一致性；采用Mann Kendall检验分析各数据的长期趋势差异。结果表明，在季节性变化上，同一卫星不同版本产品之间的关联性相对较高。在年际变化上，GIMMS产品相对MODIS 产品，仅能检出部分NDVI变化趋势。在地表覆被异质性相对较高地区，GIMMS产品的长期变化趋势检出率较低。MODIS Terra的NDVI C5产品受传感器退化影响，表现出相对较高的减少趋势。 关键词： GIMMS NDVI；MODIS NDVI；Mann Kendall检验；趋势分析     

初始温度和压力对排污空间甲烷-空气混合物爆燃特性影响的模拟研究

市政排污空间作为城市公共基础设施的重要组成部分，易积聚可燃气体形成爆炸性环境。结合排污空间的特殊环境条件，采用Fluidyn-MP多物理场数值模拟软件，建立了20 L球形爆炸罐分析模型，通过改变初始温度和初始压力，对排污空间甲烷-空气混合物爆燃特性及其变化规律进行模拟研究。结果表明:初始温度升高导致甲烷-空气混合物最大爆炸压力降低，缩短了到达最大爆炸压力的时间；初始压力增加导致最大爆炸压力急剧升高，并延长了到达最大爆炸压力的时间；最大爆炸压力对初始压力的敏感程度远大于初始温度的影响。此外，随着初始温度和初始压力的升高，爆炸火焰平均传播速度增加，而火焰传播速度对初始温度较敏感。     

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and alumina recovery from waste artificial marble powder pyrolysis

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Owing to various advantages of artificial marble compared to natural marble, its application has been rising exponentially, which has resulted in...     

全球粮食生产的预测问题

本文讨论了全球粮食生产体系能力预测模型的研发问题，文章特别对影响粮食生产的各种因素进行了鉴定和分析，并且对它们的相对影响和可预测性进行了估计。     

资源型城市可持续发展能力的演变与调控

作为特殊的经济区，资源型城市的衰落与振兴日益成为社会关注的热点。本文从分析资源型城市可持续发展能力入手，论述了资源型城市发展能力的成长阶段及演变特征，提出了资源城市可持续发展能力调控的模式和途径。     

Metabolic response under different salinity and temperature conditions for glass eel Anguilla japonica

Diadromous fish often enter freshwater directly from seawater via fish ladders or channels built in estuarine dams. The oxygen consumption rates (OCR) of glass eel, Anguilla japonica, were determined using an automatic intermittent flow respirometer under various salinity and temperature regimes to physiologically explain this direct movement. The endogenous rhythm of the OCR in wild glass eels, freshly collected from estuaries, was nearly synchronous with the tidal pattern at the estuarine collection site. When the salinity was changed from 20 psu (12°C) at a constant temperature to that of freshwater, the OCR of the glass eels decreased by 21.6±7.0% (mean ± SD) (P<0.05), showing a dampened rhythm for about 48 h. After this period of impediment, the glass eels resumed normal metabolic activity. Direct migration from seawater to freshwater under constant temperature would result in a severe physiological stress for these glass eels for about two days. When the glass eels were exposed to a cyclic change in water temperature of 2°C 26 h⁻¹, as they encounter in estuaries, and then were introduced to freshwater abruptly, the OCR rhythm corresponded to the cyclic changes in water temperature after exposure to freshwater. Under these conditions, the mean OCR of the glass eels had a small difference before and after exposure to freshwater. These data explained how glass eels can directly move from sea water into the freshwater without any apparent metabolic stress in the estuaries showing cyclic change in water temperature (Δt=2°C).     

漓江流域δD和δ18O对蒸发的指示作用

以漓江流域为例查明不同水体之间氢氧稳定同位素组成特征,并探讨氢氧稳定同位素对漓江流域的蒸发过程指示作用.结果表明：流域内不同水体之间,氢氧稳定同位素表现出不同的组成特征,地表水和地下水,在丰水期δD值和δ¹⁸O值要比枯水期更容易富集,地下水的δD值和δ¹⁸O值分布范围较地表水小;随着水温的升高,δ¹⁸O的变化趋势比d-excess明显.从漓江上游到下游高程逐渐下降,河水线的斜率和截距也在逐渐减小,其中漓江下游河水线的斜率和截距要低于当地大气降水线,表明下游受到蒸发作用较强烈;地下河水线、地表河水线在一定程度上偏离当地大气降水线,但偏离程度较小,表明三者之间有很好的水力联系.受温度和湿度的共同影响,漓江干流丰水期河水的蒸发量占最初水体总量的0.7%~9.1%,枯水期河水的蒸发量占最初水体总量的2.6%~9.7%,丰水期的蒸发比例低于枯水期,从上游到下游蒸发比例在逐渐上升.研究区蒸发量估算值为959.40mm,与多年实测值少43.11mm,相对误差4.70%.氢氧稳定同位素对研究区降水、地表水、地下水之间的转换规律具有重要的实际意义,在今后的漓江流域水文研究中有着更加广阔的空间.     

离子液体吸收废印刷线路板热拆解过程中挥发性有机物——基于COSMO-RS模型

模拟废印刷线路板（WPCB）的热拆解过程,分析热拆解过程中的挥发性有机物（VOCs）组分;利用真实溶剂似导体屏蔽（COSMO-RS）模型对浓度较高的污染物进行量子力学模拟,研究离子液体（ILs）组成单元对目标污染物溶解度的影响差异,分析溶解过程中主导分子间作用力类型,确定优选吸收剂;测定不同溶剂进行溶解性,验证模型适用性.结果表明：①乙酸乙酯和环戊酮是浓度较高的VOCs组分,在240和250℃时浓度分别为43.1,153mg/m³和105,252mg/m³,质量百分比总和分别为76.3%和67.3%.②高表面屏蔽电荷密度分布峰、长烷基链阴阳离子和亲电基团的存在可提高乙酸乙酯和环戊酮在ILs中的溶解度.双三氟甲磺酰基亚胺盐（NTf₂^-）类ILs是一类优良吸收剂.静电力和范德华力对溶解过程起主导作用.③COSMO-RS模型可定性和半定量用于预测乙酸乙酯和环戊酮的溶解度.     

北部湾南流江流域土地覆盖及生物多样性模拟

以北部湾独流入海河流南流江流域为研究对象,基于研究区2000年和2015年遥感数据解译的土地利用数据以及社会经济等数据,采用CLUE-S模型对未来2030年生态保护情景、自然增长情景以及粮食安全情景的土地利用格局进行了模拟预测,在此基础上采用InVEST模型对流域过去和未来不同情景的生物多样性进行了评估,探讨了流域生物多样性的生境质量和生境退化程度.结果表明：2000~2015年南流江流域建设用地、园地、水域和未利用地呈现出增加趋势,其中建设用地的增幅最大,而耕地和林地减幅最大.流域土地系统中共存在着34种土地网络转移流关系,上游存在24种,中游20种,下游28种,耕地与建设用地、耕地与林地以及林地与园地之间的转换占到流域总土地利用变化的70.74%.CLUE-S模型模拟未来土地利用的Kappa系数达到0.86,表明模型模拟未来情景的土地利用精度满足要求.2000年、2015年、2030年生态保护情景、2030年自然增长情景以及2030年粮食安全情景流域生境质量总得分和平均得分分别为866630,900357,921055,876231,865370和0.7457,0.7747,0.7925,0.7539,0.7466.2030年3种情景的中上游和下游地区生物多样性都呈现出不同程度的改善趋势,而中游地区则表现出退化趋势.     

Effect of NOx and SO2 on the photooxidation of methylglyoxal: Implications in secondary aerosol formation

Methylglyoxal(CH_3COCHO,MG),which is one of the most abundant α-dicarbonyl compounds in the atmosphere,has been reported as a major source of secondary organic aerosol(SOA).In this work,the reaction of MG with hydroxyl radicals was studied in a 500 L smog chamber at(293±3) K,atmospheric pressure,(18±2)% relative humidity,and under different NOx and SO_2.Particle size distribution was measured by using a scanning mobility particle sizer(SMPS) and the results showed that the addition of SO_2 can promote SOA formation,while different NOx concentrations have different influences on SOA production.High NOx suppressed the SOA formation,whereas the particle mass concentration,particle number concentration and particle geometric mean diameter increased with the increasing NOx concentration at low NOx concentration in the presence of SO_2.In addition,the products of the OH-initiated oxidation of MG and the functional groups of the particle phase in the MG/OH/SO_2 and MG/OH/NOx/SO_2 reaction systems were detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and attenuated total reflection fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR) analysis.Two products,glyoxylic acid and oxalic acid,were detected by GC-MS.The mechanism of the reaction of MG and OH radicals that follows two main pathways,H atom abstraction and hydration,is proposed.Evidence is provided for the formation of organic nitrates and organic sulfate in particle phase from IR spectra.Incorporation of NOx and SO_2 influence suggested that SOA formation from anthropogenic hydrocarbons may be more efficient in polluted environment.