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排序方式: 共有397条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Garey A. Fox George J. Sabbagh Robert W. Malone Ken Rojas 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(6):1359-1372
Abstract: Few studies exist that evaluate or apply pesticide transport models based on measured parent and metabolite concentrations in fields with subsurface drainage. Furthermore, recent research suggests pesticide transport through exceedingly efficient direct connections, which occur when macropores are hydrologically connected to subsurface drains, but this connectivity has been simulated at only one field site in Allen County, Indiana. This research evaluates the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) in simulating the transport of a parent compound and its metabolite at two subsurface drained field sites. Previous research used one of the field sites to test the original modification of the RZWQM to simulate directly connected macropores for bromide and the parent compound, but not for the metabolite. This research will evaluate RZWQM for parent/metabolite transformation and transport at this first field site, along with evaluating the model at an additional field site to evaluate whether the parameters for direct connectivity are transferable and whether model performance is consistent for the two field sites with unique soil, hydrologic, and environmental conditions. Isoxaflutole, the active ingredient in BALANCE® herbicide, was applied to both fields. Isoxaflutole rapidly degrades into a metabolite (RPA 202248). This research used calibrated RZWQM models for each field based on observed subsurface drain flow and/or edge of field conservative tracer concentrations in subsurface flow. The calibrated models for both field sites required a portion (approximately 2% but this fraction may require calibration) of the available water and chemical in macropore flow to be routed directly into the subsurface drains to simulate peak concentrations in edge of field subsurface drain flow shortly after chemical applications. Confirming the results from the first field site, the existing modification for directly connected macropores continually failed to predict pesticide concentrations on the recession limbs of drainage hydrographs, suggesting that the current strategy only partially accounts for direct connectivity. Thirty‐year distributions of annual mass (drainage) loss of parent and metabolite in terms of percent of isoxaflutole applied suggested annual simulated percent losses of parent and metabolite (3.04 and 1.31%) no greater in drainage than losses in runoff on nondrained fields as reported in the literature. 相似文献
2.
To explore neuro-endocrinal changes in the brain of European honeybee (Apis mellifera) queens before and after mating, we measured the amount of several biogenic amines, including dopamine and its metabolite in the brain of 6- and 12-day-old virgins and 12-day-old mated queens. Twelve-day-old mated queens showed significantly lower amounts of dopamine and its metabolite (N-acetyldopamine) than both 6- and 12-day-old virgin queens, whereas significant differences in the amounts of these amines were not detected between 6- and 12-day-old virgin queens. These results are explained by down-regulation of both synthesis and secretion of brain dopamine after mating. It is speculated that higher amounts of brain dopamine in virgin queens might be involved in activation of ovarian follicles arrested in previtellogenic stages, as well as regulation of their characteristic behaviors. 相似文献
3.
IntroductionIncreasing public interests have been concerned onsafety foods and the environmental aspects recently,especially on the so-called organic foods , which are madefromcrops grown with organic fertilizers or compost but notchemical fertilizers .Pu… 相似文献
4.
Ken’ichiro Matsumoto Yuko Arai Rina Nagao Takaaki Murata Kazuma Takase Hideo Nakashita Seiichi Taguchi Hiroaki Shimada Yoshiharu Doi 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2006,14(4):369-374
In this paper, the photosynthetic production of short-chain-length/medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolymers is reported. The wild-type and highly active doubly mutated PHA synthase 1 (S325T/Q481K, abbreviated ST/QK) genes from Pseudomonas sp. 61-3 were introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana. Peroxisome targeting signal 1 (PTS1) was used to target PHA synthases into the peroxisome to synthesize PHA from the intermediates of the β-oxidation pathway. The transgenic Arabidopsis produced PHA copolymers consisting of 40–57 mol% 3-hydroxybutyrate, 21–49 mol% 3-hydroxyvalerate, 8–18 mol% 3-hydroxyhexanoate, and 2–8 mol% 3-hydroxyoctanoate. The maximum PHA contents were 220μ g/g cell dry weight (cdw) in leaves, and 36μ g/g cdw in stems, respectively. The expression of the ST/QK mutated PHA synthase in leaves gene did not lead to significant difference in PHA content and monomer composition of PHAs, compared to the wild-type PHA synthase gene, suggesting that the supply of monomers may be a rate-determining step of PHA biosynthesis in the peroxisome. However, in stems, there were significant differences dependent on whether the wild-type or ST/QK mutated PHA synthase was expressed. These results suggest that tissue-specific monomer availability is important in determining the final mol% composition of PHA copolymers produced by the peroxisome in plants. 相似文献
5.
Kazuo Kamura Yu Hara Bulent Inanc Masato Yamada Yuzo Inoue Yusaku Ono 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2005,7(2):66-70
It is always possible for impermeable layers to exist in landfills. When they do, the properties of the solution at the exit of the leachate-collection system might not accurately reflect the overall properties of the landfill. This study examines whether resistivity monitoring is effective for determining the influence of impermeable layers on the leachate. The test cell used in this study was filled with waste made up mainly of incinerator ash and shredded incombustible material. Three lines of resistivity sensors were laid in the uppermost layer of the fill. A resistivity profile was recorded periodically from each of these lines. The water-table level and leachate properties were measured concurrently. Leachate conductivity was mainly controlled by concentrations of the main ions, and it correlated inversely to variations in resistivity. Temporal changes in the resistivity of the fills are an excellent means of assessing the leaching in fills. Monitoring the properties of leachate, combined with resistivity profiling, is extremely useful for interpreting the temporal changes of properties in landfills containing impermeable layers. 相似文献
6.
Ian D. Leith Lucy J. Sheppard David Fowler J. Neil Cape Matt Jones Alan Crossley Ken J. Hargreaves Y. Sim Tang Mark Theobald Mark R. Sutton 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,4(6):207-218
Providing an accurate estimate of the dry component of N deposition to low N background, semi-natural habitats, such as bogs and upland moors dominated by Calluna vulgaris is difficult, but essential to relate nitrogen deposition to effects in these communities. To quantify the effects of NH3 inputs to moorland vegetation growing on a bog at a field scale, a field release NH3 fumigation system was established at Whim Moss (Scottish Borders) in 2002. Gaseous NH3 from a line source was released along of a 60 m transect, when meteorological conditions (wind speed >2.5 m s?1 and wind direction in the sector 180–215°) were met, thereby providing a profile of decreasing NH3 concentration with distance from the source. In a complementary study, using a NH3 flux chamber system, the relationships between NH3 concentrations and cuticular resistances were quantified for a range of NH3 concentrations and micrometeorological conditions for moorland vegetation. Cuticular resistances increased with NH3 concentration from 11 s m?1 at 3.0 μg m?3 to 30 s m?1 at 30 μg m?3. The NH3 concentration data and the concentration-dependent canopy resistance are used to calculate NH3 deposition taking into account leaf surface wetness. The implications of using an NH3 concentration-dependent cuticular resistance and the importance for refining critical loads are discussed. 相似文献
7.
Hiroshi Asakura Kazuto Endo Masato Yamada Yuzo Inoue Yusaku Ono Yoshiro Ono 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(11):2185-2193
It is known that aeration reduces rapidly the concentration of organic matter in leachate. However, the oxygen flow rate required to attain a certain reaction rate of organic matter should be carefully estimated. In this study, using the oxygen ratio (the ratio of oxygen flow rate by aeration to oxygen consumption rate of waste layer) as a parameter, the reaction rate of organic matter in leachate from landfilled incineration ash and incombustible waste upon aeration was evaluated. Total organic carbon (TOC) in the leachate was reduced rapidly when the oxygen ratio was high. The decomposition rate exceeded the elution rate of TOC in the leachate from the waste layer for several days when the oxygen ratio was above 102. The results indicate that the oxygen ratio can be used as a parameter for the aeration operation in actual landfill sites, to rapidly stabilize organic matter in leachate. 相似文献
8.
The optical beam deflection method was applied to study the effects of acid solution on both a terrestial and aquatic plants Egeria and Cerastium, which are common aquatic plant and terrestial weed respectively. A probe beam from a He-Ne laser was passed through a vicinity of a leaf of the plants, which were put in culture dishes filled with acid solutions. Deflection signals of the probe beam were monitored and compared for acid solutions with different pH values. The results of Egria showed that the deflection signals changed dramatically when pH values of acid solutions were 2.0 and 3.0, while little at pH of 4.0 and 5.0. For Cerastium when pH were below 3.0, deflection signals changed greatly with time at the begining. After a certain period of time, deflection signals changed little with time. When pH value was above 4.0, deflection signals of Cerastium were still changing with time even after 20 hours. The results suggested that the damage threshold of pH was between 3.0 and 4.0 for both the land and aquatic plants. 相似文献
9.
Ohara Toshiaki Yuasa Ken Kimura Kentaro Komaki Shiho Nishina Yuta Matsukawa Akihiro 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(1):249-257
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Plant biomass could be a viable alternative renewable resource, but the moisture content must be reduced to use it as fuel. Mechanical compression... 相似文献
10.
Riggs Rebecca Anne Langston James Douglas Beauchamp Emilie Travers Henry Ken Sereyrotha Margules Chris 《Environmental management》2020,66(1):72-90
Environmental Management - Tropical forest landscapes are undergoing rapid transition. Rural development aspirations are rising, and land use change is contributing to deforestation, degradation,... 相似文献