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Liuwei Kong Min Hu Qinwen Tan Miao Feng Yu Qu Junling An Yuanhang Zhang Xingang Liu Nianliang Cheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(1):49-59
To clarify the aerosol hygroscopic growth and optical properties of the Pearl River Delta(PRD)region,integrated observations were conducted in Heshan City of Guangdong Province from October 19 to November 17,2014.The concentrations and chemical compositions of PM_(2.5),aerosol optical properties and meteorological parameters were measured.The mean value of PM_(2.5) increased from less than 35(excellent) to 35-75 μg/m~3(good) and then to greater than 75 μg/m~3(pollution),corresponding to mean PM_(2.5) values of 24.9,51.2,and 93.3 μg/m~3,respectively.The aerosol scattering hygroscopic growth factor(f(RH = 80%)) values were 2.0,2.12,and 2.18 for the excellent,good,and pollution levels,respectively.The atmospheric extinction coefficient(σext)and the absorption coefficient of aerosols(σ_(ap)) increased,and the single scattering albedo(SSA)decreased from the excellent to the pollution levels.For different air mass sources,under excellent and good levels,the land air mass from northern Heshan had lower f(RH) and σ_(sp) values.In addition,the mixed aerosol from the sea and coastal cities had lower f(RH) and showed that the local sources of coastal cities have higher scattering characteristics in pollution periods. 相似文献
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Exposure to engineered nanomaterials(ENMs), such as graphene oxide(GO), can potentially induce the response of various molecular signaling pathways, which can mediate the protective function or the toxicity induction.Wnt signaling pathway is conserved evolutionarily in organisms.Using Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo assay model, we investigated the effect of GO exposure on intestinal Wnt signaling.In the intestine, GO exposure dysregulated Frizzled receptor MOM-5, Disheveled protein DSH-2, GSK-3(a component of APC complex), and two β-catenin proteins(BAR-1 and HMP-2), which mediated the induction of GO toxicity.In GO exposed nematodes, a Hox protein EGL-5 acted as a downstream target of BAR-1, and fatty acid transport ACS-22 acted as a downstream target of HMP-2.Functional analysis on HMP-2 and ACS-22 suggested that the dysregulation of these two proteins provides an important basis for the observed deficit in functional state of intestinal barrier.Our results imply the association of dysregulation in physiological and functional states of intestinal barrier with toxicity induction of GO in organisms. 相似文献
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The toxic effects of the composites of Fe~0 and Cu~0 with different percentages of CNTs were examined based on the activity of bacterial bioluminescence and seed germination. In terms of the EC_50 values, the toxic effects of Cu~0 on bacterial bioluminescence and seed germination were approximately 2 and 180 times greater than that of Fe~0, respectively. The toxicity increased with increasing CNT content in the Cu-CNT mixtures for both organisms,whereas opposite results were observed with Fe-CNT mixtures. The mean toxic effects of Cu-CNT(6%) were approximately 1.3–1.4 times greater than that of Cu-CNT(0%), whereas the toxic effects of Fe-CNT(6%) were approximately 2.1–2.5 times lower than that of Fe-CNT(0%) for both the bioluminescence activity and seed germination. The causes of this phenomenon are unclear at this point. More research will be needed to elucidate the mechanism of the toxicity of nano-mixture materials and the causes of the different patterns of toxicity with Cu-and Fe-CNT mixtures. 相似文献
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Kimpo metropolitan landfill has received various kinds of wastessince January 1992. The leachate level was measured to be 10.3 m in May 1995 and the level increased to 12.2 m in August 1996. Therefore, to prove the reason for the increasing leachate level, we calibrated hydraulic conductivity of each waste andintermediate layer using the HELP (Hydrologic Evaluation ofLandfill Performance) model. The leachate generation data measured from February 1993 to October 1995 was used in the model calibration. As a result of a model calibration, we obtained anaverage infiltration ratio and used this in analysis of the total water balance to predict elevation of leachate level. Main causes of the elevation of the leachate level were the high water content of the waste and the degradation of the leachate-drainage system caused by the subsidence of a naturalbarrier layer. 相似文献
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基于AHP-MF模型的用户群节水指标体系研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从分析影响用户群节水的因素及其构成关系入手,根据专家长期节水工作的经验,利用层次分析法对用户群节水指标进行优选,并提出全面的定量化和定性化的层次结构评价模式和总体评价方法.首先构建用户群节水的层次分析结构模型及判断矩阵,应用Matlab6.5计算出各判断矩阵的最大特征值及其特征向量,并检验判断矩阵的一致性,继而确定出各指标的权重;其次,应用Fuzzy统计的方法对陕西2006年度高校用户群的节水情况进行评价,并为节水工作提供建设性意见. 相似文献
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利用高时间分辨率MARGA于2017年2月17日~3月24日在桂林市开展PM2.5组分监测,结合同一点位环境和气象监测数据,分析桂林市大气PM2.5水溶性无机离子组分特征及气溶胶酸性.结果表明:MARGA监测的PM2.5中8种水溶性离子与PM2.5变化趋势一致.8种水溶性离子总浓度均值29.27μg/m3,3种二次水溶性离子SO42-、NO3-和NH4+浓度均值26.91μg/m3,占水溶性离子总浓度的93.50%,是桂林市大气PM2.5的主要组分.二次水溶性离子SO42-、NH4+和NO3-两两之间存在显著正相关性(相关系数均>0.80),提示二次离子产生的机制及在大气中的演化、沉积具有一定的相似性.无论有无降雨,能见度(Vis)均随着水溶性离子,尤其是二次水溶性离子浓度的增加呈幂函数规律递减.24h累计降雨量≥ 10.0mm时,湿清除作用明显.晴天及降雨量不大的天气下,需注意管控机动车尾气、生物质燃烧和扬尘污染.SOR、NOR分别为0.35、0.12,SO2同时通过均相和非均相氧化反应转化为SO42-,NOx主要是通过白天光化学反应转化为NO3-.大多数离子和气态前体物均存在明显的日变化规律,这与物质的来源、形成机制和气象条件不同有关.CE/AE摩尔浓度均值为1.5,桂林市PM2.5总体偏碱性.PM2.5中SO42-、NO3-、Cl-主要以(NH4)2SO4、NH4NO3和NH4Cl形式存在.PM2.5中NH4+可能与监测点位交通源排放有关,桂林市应加强交通污染物排放管控. 相似文献