面向经济回收的产品设计系统构成

面向回收的产品设计能够使废旧产品得到更好的回收和重用，优化拆卸序列的生成必须基于产品拆卸的经济性分析。论述了面向经济回收的产品设计系统的构成及相关的关键问题，分析了产品的零件材料回收价值与拆卸工艺，建立了零件材料合理回收的评估方法。     

煤沥青烟气对大鼠肺损伤及免疫功能的影响

采用自然吸入的暴露方法，通过分析肺灌洗液成分及脾脏淋巴细胞的转化功能，观察碳素厂冷压车间空气对大鼠肺损伤及免疫功能的影响，结果表明，在自然吸入染毒期间，引起大鼠肺灌洗液中乳酸氢酶、酸性磷酸酶和唾液含量或高，肺巨噬细胞及其Ｆｃ受体数降低，并且还引起脾脏淋巴细胞的转化能力下降。     

排污收费制度在环境管理应用中存在的若干问题

简要总结了排污收费制度在上海环境保护管理工作中取得的6个方面的成绩，探讨了排污收费制度在实施过程中遇到的问题，对排污收费制度如何适应计划经济向市场经济的转变进行了讨论并提出了相应的建议。     

我国水事纠纷解决机制探析

水事纠纷解决机制是一系列水事纠纷解决方式所组成的整体,该机制是民事主体或行政区域水资源权利受到侵害,以及遭受水污染侵权损害的重要救济途径。虽然我国相关法律对水事纠纷的解决方式已作出规定,但是这些法律规定较为分散、不系统,还没有形成一个有机的整体,造成运用该机制解决水事纠纷的效果较差。为了保障水事纠纷及时、有效地得以解决,完善我国的水事纠纷解决机制已迫在眉睫。     

Influence of clay minerals on the reduction of Cr6+ by citric acid

The influence of clay minerals on the reduction of Cr6+ by citric acid was investigated at pH values 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 at 25 degrees C. The results indicate that montmorillonite and illite greatly accelerate the reduction reactions at pH 4.0 and 4.5, but their effects are dramatically reduced at pH 5.0. The role of clay minerals in accelerating the reactions is in the order: illite>montmorillonite>kaolinite, which has a positive correlation with the amount of Mn2+ adsorbed on the surfaces of these minerals. With light, Fe(3+) also significantly increases reaction rates. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) greatly suppresses the acceleration of the reduction reactions by these minerals, indicating that EDTA competes with citric acid for Mn2+. Thus, the formation of complexes between Mn(2+) and citric acid could be a prerequisite for the acceleration of the reductions of Cr6+ by clay minerals. In addition, there is no relationship between the specific surface area of clay minerals and the reduction rate of Cr6+ by citric acid.     

生产剩余与消费剩余：人与自然和谐的探索

人与自然的和谐是人类社会可持续发展的实践基础和核心议题。本文着重从“生产剩余”和“消费剩余”新的认识视觉 ,通过构建物流循环结构和剖析人与自然的相依关系 ,探索两者之间物质、能量转化的协同机理与和谐准则 ,进而提出了相应的实践对策。     

热液中金的沉淀机理研究综述

金的沉淀机理是了解热液金矿床成矿机制的关键。本文总结了金从热液中沉淀机理的最新研究成果，介绍了各种主要含金配合物的溶解度拨制机制，阐述了矿物表面吸附／还原以及电化学富集等矿物表面作用对金沉淀行为的制约。     

不同耐性作物中几种酶活性对Cd胁迫的反应

为探讨作物对重金属毒害的耐受机理,本文采用盆栽试验及生理生化分析方法,研究了作物体内酶系统在耐受Cd胁迫中的作用。结果表明,在Cd胁迫下,耐性作物体内,SOD和PPO的活性未受明显影响或活性略增强,CAT活性明显增强;POD及硝酸还原酶活性的变化无明显规律。这说明,SOD、CAT和PPO活性的维持和提高是作物耐受Cd胁迫的物质基础之一。     

Effects of payments for ecosystem services on wildlife habitat recovery

Conflicts between local people's livelihoods and conservation have led to many unsuccessful conservation efforts and have stimulated debates on policies that might simultaneously promote sustainable management of protected areas and improve the living conditions of local people. Many government‐sponsored payments‐for‐ecosystem‐services (PES) schemes have been implemented around the world. However, few empirical assessments of their effectiveness have been conducted, and even fewer assessments have directly measured their effects on ecosystem services. We conducted an empirical and spatially explicit assessment of the conservation effectiveness of one of the world's largest PES programs through the use of a long‐term empirical data set, a satellite‐based habitat model, and spatial autoregressive analyses on direct measures of change in an ecosystem service (i.e., the provision of wildlife species habitat). Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) habitat improved in Wolong Nature Reserve of China after the implementation of the Natural Forest Conservation Program. The improvement was more pronounced in areas monitored by local residents than those monitored by the local government, but only when a higher payment was provided. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of a PES program depends on who receives the payment and on whether the payment provides sufficient incentives. As engagement of local residents has not been incorporated in many conservation strategies elsewhere in China or around the world, our results also suggest that using an incentive‐based strategy as a complement to command‐and‐control, community‐ and norm‐based strategies may help achieve greater conservation effectiveness and provide a potential solution for the park versus people conflict.     

Desorption of CO2, SO2, and NH3 in the vacuum evaporation of desulfurization wastewater

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Mechanical vapor compression and multi-effect evaporation have been widely used in achieving zero discharge of desulfurization wastewater as they are...