流域水电开发生态补偿机制初探——以四川省金沙江支流硕曲河为例

本文分析了国内外在流域水电开发生态补偿方面的实践经验,以四川省金沙江支流硕曲河为案例,提出了该流域水电开发生态补偿的框架构想与思路,对四川甘孜州流域水电开发生态补偿具有一定的参考意义。     

CGE Simulation for Levying Carbon Tax in China and International Experience of Levying Carbon Tax

Levying carbon tax is conducive to reducing carbon dioxide emissions and protecting the environment.The author firstly reviewed some relevant empirical studies on carbon tax both home and abroad,and then established the CGE model and simulated levying carbon tax in China.The study found that levying carbon tax would have little impact on China’s economy:in a short-term,China’s GDP might decrease by 0.51%,while in a long-term it might decrease by 0.08%;however,the carbon dioxide emissions would be substantially reduced.Meanwhile,levying carbon tax has some negative impact on the output of each industry in the very economic structure;of this,the mineral extractive industries would be influenced the most.Then the author summarized experience of levying carbon tax in foreign countries.     

菱镁矿尾矿制备高活性MgO的性能表征

菱镁矿尾矿经预处理后,在一定条件下制备高活性MgO。使用热重-差热分析仪,分析菱镁矿尾矿的分解温度,应用X射线衍射、SEM分析不同煅烧温度、保温时间对MgO晶体结构的影响,并根据Scherrer公式计算MgO晶粒的尺寸。通过电导率仪测定MgO水化电导率,分析不同条件下的MgO活性,探讨煅烧温度、保温时间、颗粒细度与MgO活性之间的关系。结果发现:煅烧温度在1 050℃,保温时间60 min时,菱镁尾矿完全分解,MgO活性最佳;煅烧温度越高,保温时间越长,MgO的活性越差;MgO颗粒细度越小,活性越高。     

发生和未发生连作芦蒿枯萎病土壤的尖孢镰刀菌数量、产毒能力和致病力

尖孢镰刀菌引起的枯萎病是芦蒿连作障碍主要病害.对芦蒿不同种植年限发病和未发病土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量、产毒素(镰刀菌酸)能力、致病力等开展研究.对采集的11份土壤样品分析结果显示:相较于不发病土壤,发病率≥40%的土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量显著增加;不发病和发病率≤25%的土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量没有显著差异(P>0.05).发病率为85%和40%的土壤尖孢镰刀菌高产毒素(镰刀菌酸产量>500μg L-1)的菌株比例显著(P<0.05)高于发病率为11%和不发病土壤.致病力测定显示发病率为85%和40%土壤中高致病力菌株比例显著(P<0.05)高于发病率为11%的土壤和不发病土壤,不致病菌株比例显著(P<0.05)低于发病率为11%的土壤和不发病土壤.土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量与连作年限没有显著相关性(P>0.05).发病土壤中,发病率、尖孢镰刀菌高产毒素菌株比例和高致病力菌株(病情指数>2)比例与连作年限显著(P<0.05)相关;未发病土壤中,尖孢镰刀菌高产毒素菌株比例和高致病力菌株比例与连作年限没有显著相关性(P>0.05).随着连作芦蒿发病率的增加,土壤中尖孢镰刀菌菌株数量、高产毒素菌株比例、致病菌株比例均显著增加(P<0.05),未发病连作土壤尖孢镰刀菌菌株数量、高产毒素菌株比例、致病菌株比例均没有显著变化.本研究结果可为连作芦蒿枯萎病发病机理的研究及其防治提供理论基础.     

国内电炉钢发展现状与应用前景

通过电炉铜与转炉铜能耗对比,突显了电炉钢的节能与环保优势,同时介绍了国内外电炉钢应用现状。随着社会工业化的发展所带来的钢铁积蓄量的增加,以及电炉钢技术的不断完善和发展,加之迎合国家低碳经济政策的实施,国内电炉钢发展具有广阔前景。     

Species richness in a riparian plant community along the banks of the Xiangxi River,the Three Gorges region

The distribution of vascular plant species richness along an altitudinal gradient and their relationships with environmental variables, including slope, aspect, bank (flooding) height, and river width of the Xiangxi River, Hubei Province, were examined. Total vascular plant species richness changed with elevation: it increased at lower elevations, reached a maximum in the midreaches and decreased thereafter. In particular, tree and herbaceous species richness were related to altitude. Correlation analysis (Kendall's τ) between species richness and environmental variables indicated that the change in species richness in the riparian zone was determined by riparian environmental factors and characteristics of regional vegetation distribution along the altitudinal gradient. The low species richness at lower elevations resulted from seasonal flooding and human activities – agriculture and fuel collection – and the higher species richness in the midreaches reflected transitional zones in natural vegetation types that had had little disturbance. These results on species distribution in the riparian community could be utilized as a reference for restoration efforts to improve water quality of the emerging reservoir resulting from the Three Gorges Hydroelectric Dam project.     

Ecological utilization of leather tannery waste with circular economy model

Circular economy (CE) focuses on resource-productivity and eco-efficiency improvement in a comprehensive way, especially on the industrial structure optimization of new technology development and application, equipment renewal and management renovation. The leather industry on the one side boosts the local economic development, on the other side however leads to the tremendous environment pollution and biological chains destruction. The CE model has been implemented as a new way of raw materials, water and energy consumption reduction in the leather industry. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover of the tannery effluents have been discussed in detail according to the different operation processes. The successful treatment approaches with analysis in the aspects such as wastewater, solid waste, sulfide, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonium salt, chloride and chrome of the leather tannery with CE model provide guidance for the sustainable development of leather industry in the future.     

南水北调中线工程对陆生植物的影响及其对策初步研究

介绍了南水北调中线工程丹江口水库库区及输水总干渠沿线所经地区的自然环境状况和植物资源特征；分析了工程所造成的淹没，占地，移民和迁建用材等方面对库区和干渠沿线地段的陆生植物和植物物种资源各方面所可能造成的损失，以及有益的影响，并针对库区和干渠沿线的植物资源保护，环境恢复和地区经济重建等问题提出对策。     

圈养大熊猫母乳营养成分及其变化规律

收集并分析了5只大熊猫产后d 1～ 180的94个母乳样品的干物质(DM),粗蛋白(CP),乳糖(Lac),乙醚浸出物(EE),粗灰分(CA), 17种氨基酸(AA)和14种矿物元素的含量.结果表明,大熊猫母乳中DM、 CP和EE分别为13.66%～34.97%, 6.29%～7.92%和4.92%～14.09%,而且都随泌乳日期的延长而升高. Lac的含量为1.2% ～ 0.3875%,且随泌乳日期的延长而降低. CA的含量在1%左右(平均为1.04%).根据乳汁中CP、 Lac、无氮浸出物和EE的含量,计算出母乳中总能的含量为3.56～10.19 kJ/kg.绝大多数AA含量随大熊猫母兽泌乳日期的延长而升高,而矿物元素的含量没有明显的变化趋势.结果显示,大熊猫母乳中的营养成分含量在产后的不同阶段有显著差异(P<0.01),而且其含量和变化趋势与常见动物乳及人乳有不同程度的差异.