长江三峡柑桔的冻害和热害（二）

本文从柑桔冻害和热害的危害因子和指标等级划分的研究和选取入手,着重探讨了长江三峡地区(湖北境内)两害显著的时空变化特征、差异与关联性及对柑桔生产的影响;揭示了80年代以来冬暖春热的重大气候变化是使两害向“两极分化”的根本原因;讨论了三峡水利工程对两害时空格局的可能调整及减灾原理;最后提出了可能的对策。     

Adsorption of 17β-estradiol from aqueous solution by raw and direct/pre/post-KOH treated lotus seedpod biochar

Five biochars derived from lotus seedpod(LSP) were applied to examine and compare the adsorption capacity of 17β-estradiol(E2) from aqueous solution.The effect of KOH activation and the order of activation steps on material properties were discussed.The effect of contact time,initial concentration,p H,ionic strength and humic acid on E2 adsorption were investigated in a batch adsorption process.Experimental results demonstrated that the pseudo second-order model fitted the experimental data best and that adsorption equilibrium was reached within 20 hr.The efficiency of E2 removal increased with increasing E2 concentration and decreased with the increase of ionic strength.E2 adsorption on LSP-derived biochar(BCs) was influenced little by humic acid,and slightly affected by the solution p H when its value ranged from 4.0 to 9.0,but considerably affected at p H 10.0.Low environmental temperature is favorable for E2 adsorption.Chemisorption,π–π interactions,monolayer adsorption and electrostatic interaction are the possible adsorption mechanisms.Comparative studies indicated that KOH activation and the order of activation steps had significant impacts on the material.Post-treated biochar exhibited better adsorption capacity for E2 than direct treated,pretreated,and raw LSP biochar.Pyrolyzed biochar at higher temperature improved E2 removal.The excellent performance of BCs in removing E2 suggested that BCs have potential in E2 treatment and that the biochar directly treated by KOH would be a good choice for the treatment of E2 in aqueous solution,with its advantages of good efficiency and simple technology.     

融合法定制度与准入清单的生态环境分区管控制度研究——以湖北省宜昌市为例

针对宜昌市环境总体规划生态环境分区管控制度的不足,结合国家重点生态功能区产业准入负面清单、生态保护红线及"三线一单"制度,对宜昌市生态环境分区管控制度设计原则、适用范围及内容进行系统研究,提出"分区分级、遵循环境总规、高环境功能区高标准保护、法定制度优先于准入清单且不交叉执行、依法依规动态调整"的制度构建思路;研究了环境准入清单及负面清单的适用范围及设计思路。将以上方法应用于宜昌市中心城区环境控制性详细规划编制,建立法定制度与环境准入清单相结合的生态环境分区管控制度,有效解决了生态环境空间管控多要素、多层级、生态功能区空间重叠和交叉管理等难题,为深入推进生态环境保护空间规划制度积累了经验。     

奎屯市区城市废水排污系统网络化的探讨

根据奎屯市区城市废水的排放量大、排污口多、污染物浓度高以及排污下水管道污水处理设施的建成现状等特点，提出了以污水处理厂为治理中心，市区排污管道网络化的改造设想、存在问题及对策。     

物化-生化组合工艺处理化纤厂浆粕综合废水

根据化纤厂浆粕综合废水的水质特点 ,选择采用中和曝气 水解酸化 生物接触氧化 絮凝沉降处理工艺。实验结果表明 :当浆粕综合废水进水CODCr浓度 310 0～ 34 6 0mg/L ,BOD5浓度 10 2 0～ 142 0mg/L范围内时 ,处理后水质可达到《污水综合排放标准》GB8978 96中化纤浆粕工业二级排放标准。     

正己烷萃取—此外分光光度法测定矿井水中微量油

在进行矿井水中油类分析时，用正己烷作为萃取剂，以工作曲线代替标准曲线，从而使油平均回收率增加到96％以上。并在正己烷用量、水样预处理等测试参数选择上做了条件试验。     

俄罗斯环境管理问题所引发的法律思考

对俄罗斯的环境管理观念，相关环境法律规定的生态化要求，联邦及联邦各主体两级关系协调化以及环境管理手段的经济化与多样化倾向等问题作了着重分析，并鉴于中俄在历史上社会与经济制度的关联性及正处经济转轨的共同性，希望通过比较中俄两国在历史和现实发展中存在的异同与联系，以求能为我国进一步的环境管理立法提供借鉴性的思考。     

Landscape structure and land uese on county level in northeastern Yunnan Province of China—a case study of Huize County

Taking Huize County as an example, the paper analyzed the landscape structure(landscape element structure, landscape type structure, landscape spatial structure, landscape succession structure) and the relations between landscape structure and land use. It was pointed out that the agriculture should be developed in harmony with the landscape structure in the study area.     

两株假单胞菌对蒽菲芘的降解作用

从污染污泥中分离出两株假单胞菌PCN5及PCB2。研究了它们对蒽、菲、芘的降解性能及生长繁殖情况。结果表明，单基质存在下，10h，PCN5对蒽的降解转化率为91．8％，芘为75．6％，菲仅为26．25％；相反PCB2对菲的降解效果最好，蒽最差；混合基质体系中，两菌株都有良好的降解效果，对芘的降解效果较差；130h，PCN5对蒽、菲、芘混合体系中的TOC去除率为38．9％，PCB2对相应体系的去除率为73．7％；混合体系中两株的生长曲张相似，细菌浓度均呈指数增长趋势，PCN5的最大浓度约是原加入量的10000倍，PCB2是原加入量的8000倍。