Lithium extraction from salt lake brines with high magnesium/lithium ratio: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The demand for lithium is growing rapidly with the increase in electric vehicles, batteries and electronic equipments. Lithium can be extracted from brines, yet...     

乙醇汽油与普通汽油非常规污染物排放特性对比研究

在一台满足国Ⅴ排放标准的双喷射(气口喷射+缸内直喷)汽油机上开展了燃用E10乙醇汽油(乙醇体积比为10%)对发动机非常规排放特性影响的试验研究.使用傅里叶变换红外分析仪(FTIR)测量了饱和烃、不饱和烃、芳香烃及醇、醛等非常规污染物排放量,对比分析了双喷射模式时各工况下E0和E10两种燃料的非常规排放水平.结果表明,双喷射模式下,加入乙醇有效降低了乙烯、1,3-丁二烯、苯和甲苯的排放量,但会导致乙醛排放升高.双喷射模式下,随着负荷增加,两种燃料下的1,3-丁二烯和甲苯排放呈现先升高后降低的趋势,乙烯、甲醛和苯排放则先降低后升高.乙醇能抑制1,3-丁二烯、乙烯生成,抑制效果为PFI模式优于双喷射模式,GDI模式抑制量最低.PFI和GDI模式下E10的甲醛排放均显著升高,但双喷射模式有效抑制了甲醛排放的增加.     

中国近岸海域优势藻种吸收利用磷的过程

通过现场采样和室内培养实验分析了藻类植物的生长状况和细胞结合态磷对磷酸盐浓度的响应.现场调查结果发现,在水华区域藻类植物的细胞磷库分布特点与非水华区域明显不同.室内培养结果发现,中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的最大磷酸盐吸收速率为7.71,2.39μmol/（L·d）,最大比生长率分别为0.517,0.262d^-1,磷酸盐吸收同化率为5.9×10^-8,4.7×10^-7μmol/cell,前者具有更快的磷酸盐吸收能力,更高的比生长率和较低的磷酸盐吸收同化率.2种藻细胞内结合态磷通常占细胞总磷库的50%以上,是细胞磷库主要存在形式.中肋骨条藻种群可以通过藻细胞数量增长来吸收环境中的磷源,而东海原甲藻则会优先满足细胞自身的磷储存后进行细胞增殖.在高浓度磷环境中,东海原甲藻种群的细胞不同结合态磷的质量浓度会达到饱和.磷匮乏时,中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的细胞内结合态磷的质量浓度与零时刻相比分别降低了45%和66%,前者明显低于后者.培养过程中,中肋骨条藻单个细胞的细胞表面吸附态磷库（95%）比细胞内磷库（50%）的降低幅度更大,东海原甲藻则与之相反.     

Development of a static test apparatus for evaluating the performance of three PM2.5 separators commonly used in China

PM_(2.5) separator directly affects the accuracy of PM_(2.5) sampling.The specification testing and evaluation for PM_(2.5) separator is particularly important,especially under China's wide variation of terrain and climate.In this study,first a static test apparatus based on polydisperse aerosol was established and calibrated to evaluate the performance of the PM_(2.5) separators.A uniform mixing chamber was developed to make particles mix completely.The aerosol concentration relative standard deviations of three test points at the same horizontal chamber position were less than 0.57%,and the particle size distribution obeyed logarithmic normal distribution with an R~2 of 0.996.The flow rate deviation between the measurement and the set point flow rate agreed to within ± 1.0% in the range of -40 to 50℃.Secondly,the separation,flow and loading characteristics of three cyclone separators(VSCC-A,SCC-A and SCC112) were evaluated using this system.The results showed that the 50% cutoff sizes(D_(50)) of the three cyclones were 2.48,2.47 and 2.44 μm when worked at the manufacturer's recommended flow rates,respectively.The geometric standard deviation(GSD) of the capture efficiency of VSCCA was 1.23,showed a slightly sharper than SCC-A(GSD = 1.27),while the SCC112 did not meet the relevant indicator(GSD = 1.2 ± 0.1) with a GSD = 1.44.The flow rate and loading test had a great effect on D_(50),while the GSD remained almost the same as before.In addition,the maintenance frequency under different air pollution conditions of the cyclones was summarized according to the loading test.     

2018年秋冬季长江三角洲区域PM2.5污染来源数值研究

使用WRF-Chem和WRF-FLEXPART模式定量研究了2018年秋冬季,尤其是在明显冷空气影响时的长江三角洲PM_2.5来源贡献.结果表明：2018年秋冬季长江三角洲以外的跨区域输送对长江三角洲PM_2.5的贡献占15.9%,长江三角洲内部排放贡献占84.1%,长江三角洲区域内部排放及污染相互传输的影响比长江三角洲外跨区域输送的影响更为显著.而在冷空气影响时段中,跨区域输送对长江三角洲PM_2.5的贡献率为33.1%,约为整个秋冬季长江三角洲外部跨区域平均输送贡献率的2倍,输送影响更为明显;输送对长江三角洲三省一市的贡献为46.2%~56.2%,其中跨区域输送的贡献10.2%~38.6%,也明显大于各自秋冬季的平均水平.在冷空气影响时段,长江三角洲四座重点城市（上海、合肥、南京、杭州）的污染潜在输送路径主要以中东路为主;上海、南京受到长江三角洲以外的污染潜在贡献较多,超过30%;杭州受到长江三角洲以外的污染潜在贡献较少,为16.1%.     

Relationship between physicochemical properties and dewaterability of hydrothermal sludge derived from different source

Sewage sludge (SS) and deinking sludge (DS) were used to comparatively study the hydrothermal dewatering of sludge with different components. For a better overview, an insight into the relationship between physicochemical properties and dewaterability of hydrothermal sludge was provided. Results found that not all kinds of sludge were suitably conditioned by hydrothermal treatment (HT) in term of the elevation of dewaterability. Higher hydrothermal temperature tended to enhance the dewaterability of SS rather than DS, which was supported by the variation of their physicochemical properties (including water distribution, bonding energy, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), particles size, acid functional groups and zeta potential in this study). In addition, the changes in surface morphology suggested that the reverse effect of HT on sludge dewaterability was mainly due to their dewatering behavior. For SS, the destruction of EPS structure leaded to the release of bound water, thereby strengthening sludge dewatering. Conversely, “Bridging effect” generated by lignocellulose in DS was beneficial for sludge dewatering; however, the increasing hydrothermal temperature degraded part of lignocellulose and weakened “bridging effect”, finally resulting in worse dewaterability of DS.     

大豆过敏原P34蛋白基因检测技术与环境污染的关系研究

环境污染易引起大豆种植区域出现过敏原P34蛋白基因变异情况,当前蛋白基因检测方法不能满足检测需求,提出基于探针引物的大豆过敏原P34蛋白基因荧光PCR定量检测技术,针对大豆过敏原特异性基因P34蛋白基因序列进行设计;通过DNA提取、浓度测定,荧光定量PCR检测,实现大豆过敏原P34蛋白基因检测。实验结果表明,所提方法能够准确检测出包括环境污染区域在内的大豆食品过敏原P34蛋白基因成分,具有很好的应用前景,满足市场监督检测的需要。     

如何促进旅游业与生态环境耦合协调发展研究

对于正处于发展中状态的中国来说,旅游行业是国民经济发展主导性力量之一,并且越来越多旅游资源得到了极大开发利用,为提高当地经济水平起到了奠定性作用。然而基于调查却发现在此期间也存在着一些问题,如部分地区在进行旅游规划设计时过于强调经济效益,明确缺乏生态环境保护意识,再加上资源具有不可再生特点,极容易为生态环境发展带来不利影响,因而这就需要相关人员能够充分引起自身对该方面内容重视程度,促使旅游业与生态环境实现耦合协调发展。     

Separation of selected PAHs by using high performance capillary electrophoresis with modifiers

The effect of varying SDS concentration in a micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic system (MECC) is investigated. In addition, the introduction of -cyclodextrin as modifier to the electrophoretic medium, containing SDS and a phosphate-borate buffer, is shown to give satisfactory separation of the seven selected PAHs. The separation efficiency is increased with the addition of -cyclodextrin.