Pyrodinium大量繁殖现象会在东南亚地区重新发生和扩散吗?——千年末的见解

迄今20年来,Pyrodinium bahamense ( var.compressum)一直是造成东南亚地区重大公众健康问题和经济问题的唯一的腰鞭毛虫物种.它产生石房蛤毒素,即一系列造成麻痹性贝毒(PSP)的毒素.这是一个影响世界上许多国家的严重的毒理学问题,轻者,会在30分钟内发生中毒现象,重者,可能在食用中毒贝类后的2～24小时内由于呼吸系统麻痹而致死.在马来西亚、文莱、菲律宾以及印度尼西亚均有关于这种生物大量繁殖的报道.自1976年首次在马来西亚沙巴发生以来,东盟-加拿大赤潮网已在26个地区记录到31次该种生物大量繁殖事件.截止1999年,受影响最严重的国家是菲律宾,其受影响的地区最多[18]、发生麻痹性贝素(PSP)事件最多(约1995起)马来西亚报道总共发生609起PSP事件,造成44人死亡,而文莱则记录有14起PSP事件,但没有死亡事故.印度尼西亚记录有427起PSP事件,17人死亡.在该地区迄今没有开展关于这些大量繁殖事件对生态/环境的影响的研究.对经济影响的估算表明,损失可高达每天30万美元.有助于了解Pyrodinium大量繁殖动态的大部分信息来自己已经在受到影响的地区各国不同程度地开展的有害/有毒藻类监测与研究.区域性的合作研究与监测工作可有助于协调当地的数据集并保证其用于比较分析和模拟所要求的质量和有效性.对地方和区域尺度上大量繁殖的时间模型以及Pyrodinium大量繁殖发生/再发生和扩散的可能征兆和趋势可以进行调查.可能通过改进和优化现有的Pyrodinium大量繁殖描述性和简单的预报模型,来帮助管理这里的人民赖以为日常食物来源和生计的野生捕捞和人工养殖的贝类.     

Application of 210Pb-derived sedimentation rates and dinoflagellate cyst analyses in understanding Pyrodinium bahamense harmful algal blooms in Manila Bay and Malampaya Sound, Philippines

The number of areas affected by toxic harmful algal bloom (HAB) in the Philippines has been increasing since its first recorded occurrence in 1983. Thus far, HAB has been reported in about 20 areas in the Philippines including major fishery production areas. The HAB-causing organism (Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum) produces a cyst during its life cycle. Pyrodinium cysts which are deposited in the sediment column may play a role in initiating a toxic bloom. 210Pb-derived sedimentation rate studies in the two important fishing grounds of Manila Bay and Malampaya Sound, Palawan have shown that Pyrodinium cysts may have been present in the sediment even before the first recorded toxic algal bloom in these areas. High sedimentation rates (approximately 1 cm/year) have been observed in the northern and western parts of Manila Bay. The results indicate that the sedimentation processes occurring in these bays would require subsurface cyst concentration analysis in evaluating the potential of an area to act as seed bed.