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1.
Lu Y Beeman RW Campbell JF Park Y Aikins MJ Mori K Akasaka K Tamogami S Phillips TW 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2011,98(9):755-761
We report that the abdominal epidermis and associated tissues are the predominant sources of male-produced pheromones in the
red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum and, for the first time, describe the stereoisomeric composition of the natural blend of isomers of the aggregation pheromone
4,8-dimethyldecanal (DMD) in this important pest species. Quantitative analyses via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry showed
that the average amount of DMD released daily by single feeding males of T. castaneum was 878 ± 72 ng (SE). Analysis of different body parts identified the abdominal epidermis as the major source of aggregation
pheromone; the thorax was a minor source, while no DMD was detectable in the head. No internal organs or obvious male-specific
glands were associated with pheromone deposition. Complete separation of all four stereoisomers of DMD was achieved following
oxidation to the corresponding acid, derivatization with (1R, 2R)- and (1S, 2S)-2-(anthracene-2,3-dicarboximido)cyclohexanol to diastereomeric esters, and their separation on reversed-phase high-performance
liquid chromatography at −54°C. Analysis of the hexane eluate from Porapak-Q-collected volatiles from feeding males revealed
the presence of all four isomers (4R,8R)/(4R,8S)/(4S,8R)/(4S,8S) at a ratio of approximately 4:4:1:1. A walking orientation bioassay in a wind tunnel with various blends of the four synthetic
isomers further indicated that the attractive potency of the reconstituted natural blend of 4:4:1:1 was equivalent to that
of the natural pheromone and greater than that of the 1:1 blend of (4R,8R)/(4R,8S) used in commercial lures. 相似文献
2.
Isoprene emission from tropical trees in Okinawa Island, Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tambunan P Baba S Kuniyoshi A Iwasaki H Nakamura T Yamasaki H Oku H 《Chemosphere》2006,65(11):2138-2144
This study surveyed isoprene emission from 42 indigenous and exotic tropical trees in subtropic Okinawa, Japan. Of the 42 trees studied, 4 emitted isoprene at a rate in excess of 20 μg g−1 h−1, and 28 showed the rates of 1–10 μg g−1 h−1. The remainder emitted less than 1 μg g−1 h−1. The majority of trees in this study may therefore fall within the lower emitting species. However, species in Moraceae that is indigenous in Okinawa emitted isoprene at relatively higher rates with an average of 14.2 μg g−1 h−1. The highest emission rate of 107.1 μg g−1 h−1 for Ficus virgata yielded the area basis rate of 47.4 nmol m−2 s−1, which is almost equivalent to the rate of high emitting species. Furthermore, a linear relationship between light intensity and isoprene emission was noted with Ficus virgata up to 1700 μmol m−2 s−1. These findings may show the potential importance of subtropical areas as sources of isoprene to the atmosphere. 相似文献
3.
To elucidate the life history of neustonic animals, growth and reproductive patterns were investigated in the hermaphroditic
pedunculate barnacle Lepas anserifera in field and laboratory experiments in Wakayama, western Japan from 2006 to 2008. The effects of temperature (19, 24 or 29°C)
and food availability (once or twice a week) on growth and reproduction were also studied in the laboratory. The barnacles
grew and matured rapidly, especially in the field: individuals on the average grew from 3 mm to more than 12 mm in capitulum
length within 15 days and some were brooding. High temperature and high food availability resulted in greater growth. High
temperature also resulted in earlier maturation of both testes and ovaries, whereas the effect of food availability was less
clear. The rapid growth and maturation, together with earlier maturation at higher temperatures, may be an adaptation to ephemeral
floating objects to which they attach. 相似文献
4.
Watanabe M Takamatsu T Koshikawa MK Sakamoto K Inubushi K 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2006,8(1):167-173
We developed a method to analyze atmospheric SO(x) (particulate SO(4)(2-)+ gaseous SO(2)) and NO(x) (NO + NO(2)) simultaneously using a battery-operated portable filter pack sampler. NO(x) determination using a filter pack method is new. SO(x) and NO(x) were collected on a Na(2)CO(3) filter and PTIO (2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl) + TEA (triethanolamine) filters (6 piled sheets), respectively. Aqueous solutions were then used to extract pollutants trapped by the filters and the resulting extracts were pre-cleaned (e.g. elimination of PTIO) and analyzed for sulfate and nitrite by ion chromatography. Recoveries of SO(2) and NO(x) from standard pollutant gases and consistency of the field data with those from other instrumental methods were examined to evaluate our method. SO(x) and NO(x) could be analyzed accurately with determination limits of 0.2 ppbv and 1.0 ppbv (as daily average concentrations), respectively. The sampler can determine SO(x) and NO(x) concentrations at mountainous or remote sites without needing an electric power supply. 相似文献
5.
Masaya?Koshikawa Akira?IsogaiEmail author 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2004,6(1):64-72
Fourteen paper sludge samples were collected at seven representative pulp and paper mills in Japan, and were analyzed to obtain fundamental data on the reuse of paper sludge-incinerated ash as papermaking material. For comparison, incinerated ashes of municipal solid waste (MSW) were collected at MSW incineration plants in Tokyo, and analyzed by similar methods. Elementary and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the predominant elements in paper sludge samples are calcium, silicon, aluminum, and magnesium, which are derived from paper fillers, coating pigments, and coagulants used in papermaking and process effluent treatments. Similar results were also obtained for the MSW-incinerated ashes, indicating that major components in the collected MSW are paper-related materials. Incineration of paper sludge around 800°C is recommended in terms of high brightness of the incinerated ash, which has about 60% brightness. Calcium, silicon, and aluminum components in the paper sludge are fused or sintered by heating. Although paper-sludge-incinerated ashes have irregular shape and large particle size distributions, they may be used as papermaking materials after pulverization using a ball mill. The MSW-incinerated ashes have 5%–30% water-soluble fractions and low brightness, and thus incineration conditions must be changed to reuse the MSW-incinerated ash as a papermaking material.Part of this paper was presented at the 68th Research Conference of Japan Tappi, Tokyo, 2001 相似文献
6.
Investigation of the possible sources of heavy metal contamination in lagoon and canal water in the tannery industrial area in Dhaka, Bangladesh 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
7.
Takao Iida Hironori Hirakawa Takahiko Matsueda Shigeyuki Takenakal Junya Nagayama 《Chemosphere》1999,38(15):3497-3502
We investigated PCDDs and related compounds in the blood of young Japanese women, approximately 20 years of age, who had not yet had children, and discussed how the TEQ level of PCDDs and related compounds in their blood may affect the next generation. Means of total TEQ levels were 0.063 pg/g for whole blood basis and 21 pg/g for lipid basis. TEQ of PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar PCBs accounted for about 43, 34 and 23% of the total TEQ in the whole blood basis, respectively. In the lipid basis, their values were about 44, 34 and 22%, respectively. Previously, we investigated PCDDs and related compounds levels in mother's breast milk, lymphocyte subpopulation and thyroid function of their children, and found negative correlations between the TEQ level of PCDDs and related compounds and CD4+/CD8+, and/or the TEQ level of PCDDs and related compounds and the T4 level in 36 mothers and children. Of these cases, the average age was approximately 28 years. PCDDs and related compounds may be related to immunopathy, such as atopic dermatitis. The effects of PCDDs and related compounds on babies of young Japanese women are important and must be further evaluated. 相似文献
8.
Community attitudes toward forest conservation programs through collaborative protected area management in Bangladesh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mohammad Shaheed Hossain Chowdhury Chloe Gudmundsson Shigeyuki Izumiyama Masao Koike Nahid Nazia Md. Parvez Rana Sharif Ahmed Mukul Nur Muhammed Mohammed Redowan 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2014,16(6):1235-1252
The formulation of conservation policies with options for creating protected areas is significantly influenced by the social factors of the surrounding communities. Therefore, indigenous knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of the local communities need to be explored during the planning and implementation stages of conservation projects. A government-initiated experiment in co-management was conducted in the Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh. This paper analyzes the attitudes toward conservation by members of local communities living in and around the wildlife sanctuary. Training incentives on alternative income-generating (AIG) activities and allotment of agricultural lands were distributed among the Forest User Groups. It is of interest to policy makers and resource managers whether this technique leads to improved attitudes on the part of local people. Although there were different attitudes toward protected areas and conservation, overall, a favorable attitude of the respondents was observed. The opinions of respondents also varied based on factors such as village position, village dependency level on forest resources, ethnicity and gender. Increase in annual income resulting from the augmented skills by trainings on AIG activities and getting agricultural lands leased from the Forest Department contributed significantly to the variation in respondents’ conservation attitudes. It is suggested that eliminating inequity and inequality in incentive distribution, discovering and launching training on more need-based livelihood activities, and liberalizing the restriction of resource extraction from the protected area by fixing the harvesting limit would encourage the community to be more cordially and actively involved in the conservation efforts of the sanctuary. 相似文献
9.
Exoenzymes of Trametes versicolor can metabolize coplanar PCB congeners and hydroxy PCB 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Takagi S Shirota C Sakaguchi K Suzuki J Sue T Nagasaka H Hisamatsu S Sonoki S 《Chemosphere》2007,67(9):S54-S57
Two fractions containing the oxidase activity toward 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) were obtained using ion-exchange DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography of the culture fluid of white-rot fungus, Trametes versicolor. These two fractions can reduce the level of coplanar PCB congeners (Co-PCBs). The ABTS oxidase in the first fraction passed through the DEAE-Sepharose column. The ABTS oxidase in the second fraction was adsorbed to the column at 相似文献
10.
Takao Iida Hironori Hirakawa Takahiko Matsueda Shigeyuki Takenakal Junya Nagayama 《Chemosphere》1999,38(15):892
We investigated PCDDs and related compounds in the blood of young Japanese women, approximately 20 years of age, who had not yet had children, and discussed how the TEQ level of PCDDs and related compounds in their blood may affect the next generation. Means of total TEQ levels were 0.063 pg/g for whole blood basis and 21 pg/g for lipid basis. TEQ of PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar PCBs accounted for about 43, 34 and 23% of the total TEQ in the whole blood basis, respectively. In the lipid basis, their values were about 44, 34 and 22%, respectively. Previously, we investigated PCDDs and related compounds levels in mother's breast milk, lymphocyte subpopulation and thyroid function of their children, and found negative correlations between the TEQ level of PCDDs and related compounds and CD4+/CD8+, and/or the TEQ level of PCDDs and related compounds and the T4 level in 36 mothers and children. Of these cases, the average age was approximately 28 years. PCDDs and related compounds may be related to immunopathy, such as atopic dermatitis. The effects of PCDDs and related compounds on babies of young Japanese women are important and must be further evaluated. 相似文献