Factors influencing movement probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in buildings.

We investigated movements of female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) roosting in maternity colonies in buildings in Fort Collins, Colorado (USA), during the summers of 2002, 2003, and 2005. This behavior can be of public health concern where bats that may carry diseases (e.g., rabies) move among buildings occupied by people. We used passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) to mark individual bats and hoop PIT readers at emergence points to passively monitor the use of building roosts by marked adult females on a daily basis during the lactation phase of reproduction. Multi-strata models were used to examine movements among roosts in relation to ambient temperatures and ectoparasite loads. Our results suggest that high ambient temperatures influence movements. Numbers of mites (Steatonyssus occidentalis) did not appear to influence movements of female bats among building roosts. In an urban landscape, periods with unusually hot conditions are accompanied by shifting of bats to different buildings or segments of buildings, and this behavior may increase the potential for contact with people in settings where, in comparison to their more regularly used buildings, the bats may be more likely to be of public concern as nuisances or health risks.     

金属有机框架材料抑藻性能及机理研究进展

全球温室效应不断加剧和氮磷营养物质排放,由此引发的水体富营养化日趋严重,寻求经济、高效的有害蓝藻控制和治理技术迫在眉睫. 金属有机框架材料因具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、吸附性能高、反应活性佳、孔径形状可调及功能设计性强等优点,在有害蓝藻治理方面展现出广阔的应用前景. 本文综述了MOFs材料对典型绿藻和水华/赤潮藻属的毒理效应,重点分析了MOFs材料抑藻的主要影响因素,阐述了MOFs材料对藻类的致毒作用机理,并对MOFs材料除藻的研究方向进行了展望,以期为MOFs材料的潜在应用提供借鉴和参考.     

Statistical evaluation of an agricultural land suitability model

The land evaluation and site assessment (LESA) method has been used extensively in the United States to assess agricultural land suitability for different localities. Despite widespread use, LESA models rarely have been evaluated in a systematic, comprehensive manner. This article discusses development of a LESA system for Hawaii, the first statewide application of the LESA methodology. The empirical model was implemented with a computerized geographic information system (GIS). The system's efficiency, ability to discriminate among land parcels, and robustness to subjective model parameter values are evaluated with statistical analyses and map overlays of GIS data. Results show great potential to simplify the original model specification, primarily through deletion of marginal site assessment factors. System output was generally insensitive to the numeric values selected for model parameters, with exception of the ratio used to combine the land evaluation (LE) and site assessment (SA) component scores. Relative supplies of the differing land attributes measured by the two components must be considered in determining an appropriate LE:SA ratio for a given area.     

垃圾问题的思考

垃圾在告急：垃圾的恶性累积,已成为世界性的环境灾难。对垃圾问题的哲学思考：垃圾是与人类社会同时产生,同步发展的。根据事物发展否定之否定规律,垃圾危机的产生正是对已往社会发展的一种否定。解决垃圾问题,必需树立社会全面发展观和科技全面进步观,运用法律的、经济的、行政的和道德的手段,大力发展处理垃圾的科学技术,减少垃圾的产生,并将产生的垃圾“变废为宝”,才能使社会在否定之否定的过程中持续发展。     

On the relationship between objective increases in pay and employees' subjective reactions

This study explored whether two principles describe the relationship between the size of a pay increase (a bonus expressed as a percentage of current salary) and the attractiveness of that increase. Based on a sample of sales personnel (N = 639) and consistent with the constant proportion principle of the psychophysical law, pay increase attractiveness was unrelated to current salary level after controlling for the size of the percentage increase. In addition, at any given salary level, the relationship between the size of the increase and its attractiveness was curvilinear. The attractiveness of larger and larger bonus percentages continues to increase, but at a decreasing rate supporting the principle of diminishing returns.     

应用概率物种敏感度分布法研究太湖重金属水生生物水质基准

目前广泛使用的水质基准推导方法—物种敏感度分布法存在曲线拟合模型不确定、曲线拟合效果不佳、种内差异欠考虑、基准值不准确等诸多问题,概率物种敏感度分布法可有效解决上述问题。应用概率物种敏感度分布法构建了太湖水体中5种重金属Ag、Pb、Cd、Hg和Zn的概率物种敏感度分布曲线,在此基础上得到了保护水生生物的急性水质基准分别为1.079μg·L~(-1)、637.973μg·L~(-1)、19.465μg·L~(-1)、8.729μg·L~(-1)和105.506μg·L~(-1),慢性水质基准分别为0.108μg·L~(-1)、63.797μg·L~(-1)、1.947μg·L~(-1)、2.340μg·L~(-1)和52.753μg·L~(-1);不同类群间生物对重金属的敏感度存在差异,不同重金属对同一类群生物的毒性也存在差异;通过与国内外已有的重金属水质基准值比较,发现水质基准具有明显的区域性,目前基于国外水质基准或我国整体水域特点来制定的太湖水质标准,往往造成对太湖水生生物欠保护或过保护的状况。     

聚合物水凝胶的制备以及吸附废水中铅离子

以2-丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)和L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)为单体,采用辐射共聚法制备了对Pb2+具有高效吸附性能的水凝胶,利用改性剂(乙酰胺基-L-半胱氨酸)对共聚物水凝胶进行了改性,应用SEM、FT-IR、XPS等方法表征了水凝胶的性能,研究了改性后水凝胶在不同pH以及不同温度条件下对Pb2+的吸附效果,探讨了水凝胶吸附Pb2+的吸附机理,并且采用EDTA二钠为脱附剂,探索了水凝胶的重复利用能力。     

酸碱改性对活性焦烧结烟气脱硫性能的影响

选取一定目数范围的活性焦,用3种酸(HCl、H2SO4和HNO3)、3种碱(KOH、NaOH和NH3·H2O)和酸碱两步(HNO3和KOH)对其进行改性处理,对比这几种方法改性的活性焦对烧结烟气的脱硫性能,实验结果表明,20~40目范围的活性焦脱硫性能最好;HCl改性活性焦的脱硫性能基本无变化,HNO3改性后有促进作用但作用不大,H2SO4改性反而降低了活性焦的脱硫活性;KOH和NaOH溶液改性活性焦对其脱硫性能有很大的提升作用,其中KOH改性效果更好,NH3·H2O改性基本无影响;先KOH后HNO3两步改性的活性焦效果最佳,并且能维持一定时间100%的脱硫效率。