荧光光谱法鉴别海面溢油源的研究进展

本文以大量的研究成果介绍了荧光光谱技术在鉴别海面溢油源中的应用和进展。根据普通荧光光谱、同步扫描光谱、可变角同步扫描光谱和总荧光光谱等不同荧光光谱信息特等，论述了荧光光谱的三维特性及维特性及其在溢油鉴别中的应用。同时，结合低温荧光法、磷光光谱法、导数荧光光谱法等辅助方法和技术，介绍了国内外荧光光谱法鉴别海面溢油的新进展和新成果。     

Comparative and competitive adsorption of Cr(VI), As(III), and Ni(II) onto coconut charcoal

This study evaluates the behavior of coconut charcoal (AC) to adsorb Cr(VI), As(III), and Ni(II) in mono- and multicomponent (binary and ternary) systems. Batch experiments were carried out for mono- and multicomponent systems with varying metal ion concentrations to investigate the competitive adsorption characteristics. The adsorption kinetics followed the mechanism of the pseudo-second-order equation in both single and binary systems, indicating chemical sorption as the rate-limiting step of adsorption mechanism. Equilibrium studies showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI), As(III), and Ni(II) followed the Langmuir model and maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 5.257, 0.042, and 1.748 mg/g, respectively. In multicomponent system, As(III) and Ni(II) adsorption competed intensely, while Cr(VI) adsorption was much less affected by competition than As(III) and Ni(II). With the presence of Cr(VI), the adsorption capacities of As(III) and Ni(II) on AC were higher than those in single system and the metal sorption followed the order of Ni(II)?>?As(III)?>?Cr(VI). The results from the sequential adsorption–desorption cycles showed that AC adsorbent held good desorption and reusability.     

Mechanisms of chromium and arsenite adsorption by amino-functionalized SBA-15

The adsorption of Cr(VI) and As(III) by amino-functionalized SBA-15 (NH₂-SBA-15) from single and binary systems were investigated in this work. The effects of pH and temperature on the adsorption of NH₂-SBA-15 were studied. Adsorption kinetics, isotherm model, and thermodynamics were studied to analyze the experimental data. pH 2 was the optimum condition for the adsorption of Cr(VI) and pH 4 for As(III) adsorption. Increasing temperature had a positive effect on the removal of both Cr(VI) and As(III). The Freundlich isotherm model can depict the adsorption process best. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted well with the kinetic data of Cr(VI) and As(III) in the single-component system. In the binary system, the adsorption of As(III) by NH₂-SBA-15 was slightly enhanced with the presence of Cr(VI); however, As(III) had no obvious effect on the removal of Cr(VI). Regeneration experiments indicated that 0.1 mol/L NaHCO₃ was an efficient desorbent for the recovery of Cr(VI) and As(III) from NH₂-SBA-15; the desorption rates for Cr(VI) and As(III) were 91.6 and 33.59 %, respectively. After five recycling cycles, the removal rates were 88 and 7 % for Cr(VI) and As(III) adsorption by NH₂-SBA-15, respectively.     

废陶瓷的表面改性及其吸附性能

以十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷为改性剂,对废陶瓷进行表面改性,使改性后的废陶瓷粒具有疏水性表而.考察了改性废陶瓷粒对工业废水的有机物去除作用以及对染料废水的脱色作用.实验结果表明,在改性废陶瓷粒径为1 -4 mm、改性废陶瓷加入量为500 g/L、吸附时间为30 min的条件下,造纸废水的COD去除率可达42％,亚甲基蓝溶液的...     

Inhibitory effects of four plants flavonoids extracts on fatty acid synthase

Fatty acid synthase (FAS) had been found overexpress and hyperactive in most cancers. Pharmacological inhibitors of FAS activity preferentially repress cancer cell proliferation and induce cancer cell apoptosis without affecting nonmalignant fibroblasts. These made FAS an excellent drug target for cancer therapy. The activity of FAS in 11 different kinds of cancer cells, including esophageal carcinoma (EC109, EC8712, H5E973), gastric carcinoma (N87, BGC823), lung carcinoma (A549, 95-D), hepatoma (HepG2), uterine cervix cancer (HeLa) and leukaemia (K562, U937) were compared using spectrophotometric method. We selected the cell line with the highest FAS activity as cell model to study the inhibitory effect of the flavonoids extracts on FAS. Four plants including Canavium album Raeuseh leaves, Bombax ceiba Linn, Brassica albograbra Bailey, and Citrus reticulata Blanco were selected for extracting flavonoids. The results showed significantly different FAS activity among different cancer cells. The FAS activity is the lowest in gastric cancer cell N87 (15.91 ± 3.61 U/mg protein) and the highest in lung cancer cell A549 (127.36 ± 10.14 U/mg protein). The cancer cell A549 was used as cell model to test the inhibitory effort of flavonoids extracts on FAS. Results showed that the flavonoids extracts of Citrus reticulata Blanco and Canavium album Raeuseh leaves have higher inhibitory effect on FAS activity compared with the universally used FAS inhibitor C75 and both extracts inhibit cancer cell proliferation when added to cultured cancer cells. These studies provided a good cell model for testing the inhibitory effect on FAS activity and suggested that Citrus reticulata Blanco rind and Canavium album Raeuseh leaves are good biomaterials for separating and purifying natural flavonoids FAS inhibitors and exploring their inhibitory mechanisms.     

不同种类表面活性剂联合离子液体预处理稻秆的物化特性研究

预处理是提高木质纤维材料酶解效果的关键步骤,更是木质纤维材料制造生物乙醇的重要环节.因此,对木质纤维材料进行预处理以促进酶解糖化过程具有重要意义.本研究以稻秆为原料,探讨不同类型表面活性剂(包括阳离子型、阴离子型、非离子型、生物)联合离子液体对木质纤维材料转化率及酶解初速度的影响,并通过稻秆成分分析、FTIR、XRD对处理前后稻秆的结构、结晶性进行了分析比较.结果表明,与单独离子液体处理相比,表面活性剂联合离子液体预处理稻秆可提升纤维转化率,效果为:生物表面活性剂-离子液体非离子型表面活性剂-离子液体阴离子型表面活性剂-离子液体阳离子型表面活性剂-离子液体.与未处理及单独离子液体处理稻秆相比,生物表面活性剂-离子液体预处理稻秆的纤维转化率分别提高55.38%和22.03%.     

辛集市"十三五"期间空气质量特征分析

重点对河北省辛集市"十三五"期间整体空气质量变化情况以及影响辛集市优良天数的2个重要参数O₃和PM_2.5的污染规律进行了分析。结果表明,辛集市"十三五"期间空气质量改善明显,优良天数整体增加,污染天数整体减少。O₃浓度及其作为首要污染物出现的天数整体呈现上升趋势,对综合指数的贡献率逐年增加;O₃污染高发期主要集中在4—9月,高值区域分布差距较大,但市区污染持续突出。PM_2.5浓度逐年下降,以PM_2.5为首要污染物的天数逐年减少;PM_2.5浓度季节变化特征整体呈现"秋冬高、春夏低"的分布特点,空间分布呈"南北高、中间低"的污染特征。     

不同氮磷比对藻类生长的影响

实验采用铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa),对其在不同氮、磷质量浓度的人工培养基中进行培养,研究不同氮磷比对藻类生长的影响.结果表明,氮磷营养盐在藻类生长过程中是重要的影响因子.在不同磷质量浓度条件下,藻类生长的最佳条件pp=O.07mg·L-1,且在磷质量浓度大于O.07 mg·L-1时,藻类生长状况要优于磷质最浓度小于0.07 mg·L-1时.在不同氮磷比条件下.藻类最佳生长条件为氮磷比等于40:1,藻类生长取决于氮的质量浓度.藻类生长对pH有重要影响.去除过量的氮磷等营养元素是防治湖泊富营养化的重要方法.     

海上溢油在破碎波作用下的乳化作用

本文研究了海上溢油在破碎波作用下的乳化作用。结果表明，溢油乳化后在水体中浓度的垂直分布呈指数函数下降。通过乳化油定量的测定，得到一个波高为０．３８ｍ破碎波的任凭深度为０．３５ｍ。通过室内模拟实验并利用尼斯模式，计算了海上５级海况下溢油乳化后，在０．４ｍ水层的乳化率约为５９％。     

The impact of the establishment of carbon emission trade exchange on carbon emission efficiency

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The China government focuses on changes in carbon emission efficiency with establishing carbon emission trade exchange (CETE). It is meaningful to...