欧洲非政府机构对运输和环境的观点

在向可持续运输发展的过程中有两个关键的问题需要提出:即如何扩展接近可持续运输的途径与如何使运输根据污染者付费原则支付它的环境费用.瑞士已经在实行阐明了这两个问题的政策.国家当局很难提出迅速增长的航空工业的环境冲击,特别是考虑到其全球的性质.     

The effect of environmental conditions on the ability of a constructed wetland to disinfect municipal wastewaters

Constructed wetlands are widely used all over the world for the treatment of municipal wastewaters, which are characterized by high concentrations of pathogens. The objectives of this study were (1) to study the effect of solar radiation and temperature on the ability of a constructed wetland to reduce the concentration of total coliforms (TC), and (2) to evaluate the relationship between the presence of Salmonella spp. in the outflow and the concentration of TC. The results of this study showed that under Mediterranean environmental conditions, the percentage reduction in coliforms was lower during winter compared to all other seasons. Maximum removal of coliforms was achieved under conditions of high solar radiation and temperature. In addition, solar radiation was found to play a greater role in coliform die-off at low temperatures than at high temperatures. Finally, it was found that the probability of Salmonella spp. appearance in the outflow of the wetland was related to the concentration of TC. The increase in coliform bacteria in the effluents also increased the chances of Salmonella appearance. The risk of Salmonella spp. appearance in the outflow is minimized when the concentration of TC is below 10²/100 mL.