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排序方式: 共有49条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Guntis Brūmelis Dennis H. Brown Olgerts Nikodemus Didzis Tjarve 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1999,58(2):201-212
Heavy metal concentrations in Hylocomium splendens collected around a metal smelter in Latvia showed very high concentrations of Zn (>200 g/g), and elevated concentrations of Pb (38.3 g/g) and Cu (18.3 g/g). In an attempt to better evaluate the potential toxicity of the high Zn concentrations, a serial elution method was used to determine the concentrations of zinc in intercellular, extracellular exchangeable cell wall, intracellular, and particle fractions. The intercellular Zn concentrations represent the water soluble component of the total concentrations, and were low with no clear trends. Zn concentrations in the extra- and intracellular and particle fractions decreased exponentially from the pollutant source. Intracellular Zn concentrations in moss close to the emission source are within the range considered to be potentially toxic, from other single element exposure studies. The proportion of Zn in the relatively insoluble particle fraction, which is least associated with environmental risk, was greater closer to the pollution source, reaching > 30% in the oldest Hylocomium splendens segments. 相似文献
2.
Val A. Catanzarite MD Ph.D. David B. Schrimmer Cynthia Maida Art Mendoza 《黑龙江环境通报》1995,15(3):229-235
The sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern has been described in association with severe fetal anaemia, with fetal hypoxaemia, and with the administration of parenteral narcotics. Here, we report a case of decreased fetal movement in which a sinusoidal tracing was recorded. The sonographic diagnosis of a massive fetal intracranial haemorrhage was made. A non-interventive approach was taken and the fetus died soon after in utero. We review 28 previous cases in which the prenatal sonographic diagnosis of fetal intracranial haemorrhage was made, including the underlying maternal and fetal factors and neonatal outcomes. We propose that the sinusoidal tracing in this case was due to the intracranial bleed and suggest that fetal intracranial haemorrhage be considered in the sonographic evaluation of the fetus with a sinusoidal pattern. 相似文献
3.
Pedro Salvador Begoña Artíñano Casimiro Pio Joana Afonso Michel Legrand Hans Puxbaum Samuel Hammer 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(19):2316-2329
This study has investigated the influence of synoptic weather patterns and long-range transport episodes on the concentrations of several compounds related to different aerosol sources (EC, OC, SO42?, Ca2+, Na+, K+, 210Pb, levoglucosan and dicarboxylic acids) registered in PM10 or PM2.5 aerosol samples collected at three remote background sites in central Europe. Air mass back-trajectories arriving at these sites have been analysed by statistical methods. Firstly, air mass back-trajectories have been grouped into clusters. Each cluster corresponds to specific meteorological scenarios, which were extracted and discussed. Finally, redistributed concentration fields have been computed to identify the main potential source regions of the different key aerosol components. A marked seasonal pattern is observed in the occurrence of the different clusters, with fast westerly and northerly Atlantic flows during winter and weak circulation flows in summer. Spring and fall were characterised by advection of moderate flows from northeastern and eastern Europe. Significant inter-cluster differences were observed for concentrations of receptor aerosol components, with the highest concentrations of EC, OC, SO42?, K+ and 210Pb associated with local and mesoscale aerosol sources located over central Europe related to enhanced photochemical processes. Emissions produced by fossil fuel and biomass burning processes from the Baltic countries, Byelorussia, western regions of Russia and Kazakhstan in spring and fall also contribute to elevated levels of EC, OC, SO42?, K+ and 210Pb. In the summer period long-range transport episodes of mineral dust from North-African deserts were also frequently detected, which caused elevated concentrations of coarse Ca2+ at sites. The baseline aerosol concentrations in central Europe at the high altitude background sites were registered in winter, with the exception of coarse Na+. While the relatively high concentrations of Na+ can be explained by sea salt advected from the Atlantic, the low levels of other aerosol components are caused by efficient aerosol scavenging associated to advections of Atlantic air masses, as well as lower emissions of these species over the Atlantic compared to those over the European continent and very limited vertical air mass exchange over the continent. 相似文献
4.
Viana M Postigo C Querol X Alastuey A López de Alda MJ Barceló D Artíñano B López-Mahia P García Gacio D Cots N 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(5):1241-1247
Levels of cocaine and other psychoactive substances in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) were determined in urban environments representing distinct social behaviours with regard to drug abuse: night-life, university and residential areas. Three cities (with population >1 million and <0.3 million inhabitants) were selected. Mean daily levels of drugs in PM were 11-336 pg/m3 for cocaine, 23-34 pg/m3 for cannabinoids, and 5-90 pg/m3 for heroin. The highest levels were recorded on weekends, with factors with respect to weekdays of 1-3 for cocaine, 1-2 for cannabinoids and 1.1-1.7 for heroin. Higher levels were detected in the night-life areas, pointing towards consumption and trafficking as major emission sources, and possibly ruling out drug manufacture. The similarities in temporal trends at all sites suggested a city-scale transport of psychoactive substances. Correlations were detected between cocaine and amphetamine consumption (r2 = 0.98), and between heroin and cannabinoids (r2>0.82). 相似文献
5.
Foods and feeds were analyzed during the period of 2007–2014 employing validated and accredited methods based on gas chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry. Sampling has been carried out in-line with national monitoring programs as well as during import controls into Lithuania. Food samples such as eggs, milk, beef, pork, poultry, fats of plant and animal origin, fish, cod liver, and feed samples such as premixes, feeds of plant origin, compound feed, mineral feed, vegetable oil, and fish meals were analyzed. Most of the samples exhibited concentrations below maximum limits, except cod liver. Health impacts were assessed in respect to human daily intakes. Data between groups are compared. 相似文献
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9.
Artíñano B Salvador P Alonso DG Querol X Alastuey A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2003,125(3):453-465
Non-mineral carbon is the main component of PM10 and PM2.5 at an urban roadside site in Madrid accounting for more than 50% of the total bulk mass in winter pollution episodes. In these cases a 70-80% of the particle mass is anthropogenic. Particles of crustal/mineral origin contribute significantly to the observed PM10 concentrations, especially in spring and summer. They have also been found in the PM2.5 fraction although secondary particles are the next most important contributor in this size. Long-range transport particle episodes of Saharan dust significantly contribute to exceedence of the new daily limiting PM10 value in the urban network and at nearby rural background stations. This type of long-range transport event also influences PM2.5 concentrations. The crustal contribution can account for up to 67 and 53% of the PM10 and PM2.5 bulk mass in such cases. 相似文献
10.
Svecevicius G Syvokiene J Stasiŭnaite P Mickeniene L 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(5):302-305
Goal, Scope and Background Chlorite (ClO2ˉ) is a primary decomposition product when chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is added during water treatment; therefore
the toxic effects of both compounds on aquatic organisms are possible. Limited data are available concerning their toxicity
to fish. The aim of this study was to investigate sensitivity of rainbow trout to acute and chronic toxicity of chlorine dioxide
and chlorite, and to estimate the Maximum-Acceptable-Toxicant-Concentration (MATC) of those compounds in fish.
Methods The acute and chronic toxicity of chlorine dioxide and chlorite to larval and adult rainbow trout was investigated in 96-hour
to 20-day laboratory exposures evaluating the wide range spectrum of biological indices under semi-static conditions.
Results and Discussion Median lethal concentration (96-hour LC50) values derived from the tests were: 2.2 mg/l for larvae; 8.3 mg/l for adult fish
and 20-day LC50 for larvae was 1.6 mg/l of chlorine dioxide, respectively. Chlorite was found to be from 48 to 18 times less
acutely toxic to larvae and adult fish, correspondingly. Both chemical compounds induced similar toxic effects in rainbow
trout larvae during chronic tests (they affected cardio-respiratory and growth parameters), but chlorine dioxide had a higher
toxic potency than chlorite. A significant decrease in the heart rate and respiration frequency of larvae was established.
However, within an increase in exposure duration recovery of cardio-respiratory responses was seen to have occurred in larvae
exposed to chlorite. Meanwhile, in larvae exposed to chlorine dioxide, a significant decrease in cardio-respiratory responses
remained during all 20-day chronic bioassays. Chlorine dioxide also more strongly affected growth parameters of rainbow trout
larvae at much lower test concentrations. Decreased rate of yolk-sack resorption occurred only in the tests with chlorine
dioxide.
Conclusions Maximum-Acceptable-Toxicant-Concentration (MATC) of 0.21 mg/l for chlorine dioxide and of 3.3 mg/l for chlorite to fish was
derived from chronic tests based on the most sensitive parameter of rainbow trout larvae (growth rate). According to substance
toxicity classification accepted for Lithuanian inland waters, chlorine dioxide and chlorite can be referred to substances
of \moderate\ toxicity to fish.
Recommendations and Outlook Due to its very reactive nature, chlorine dioxide is rapidly (in a few hours) reduced to chlorite, which is persistent also
as a biocide but 16 times less toxic to fish, according to MATC. Therefore, it is much more likely that fish will be exposed
to chlorite than to chlorine dioxide in natural waters. Presently accepted, the Maximum-Permitted-Concentration of total residual
chlorine (TRC) in waste-water discharging into receiving waters is 0.6 mg/l. If this requirement will not be exceeded, it
is unlikely that fish would be exposed to lethal or even to sublethal concentrations of chlorine dioxide or chlorite. Furthermore,
chlorine dioxide does not generate toxic nitrogenous (chloramines) or carcinogenic organic residuals (trihalomethanes). All
these properties make chlorine dioxide a more promising biocide than chlorine. 相似文献