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1.
Carla Ximena Salinas Jon Mendieta 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2013,18(7):933-941
Land recovery and the improvement of lands affected by desertification for agricultural use, is achieved when a sustained recovery of agricultural productivity over time is obtained. In the areas affected by desertification and drought, it is common that the ecosystems do not have enough funding for water management and irrigation. This situation leads to an inadequate assessment of the environmental goods and services in arid zones. As a result we have a misuse of these dry lands. Many countries are implementing policies and making investments and efforts to mitigate arid land degradation and desertification through the National Action Programs (NAP). However, for the long term planning of mitigation and adaptation strategies, it is necessary to know the cost of recovery and land improvement in certain areas in order to forecast the budgets. This is the main objective of this paper in order to combat desertification and drought in central northern Chile. We have calculated a recovery cost per hectare by region and for each of the agriculture, livestock and forestry (ALF) promotion agencies. The results indicate that the cost of land reclamation in the northern regions is much higher than in the southern regions of this studied area. The cost is especially high for Region II, where investment per hectare is almost to 3000 US$ per hectare. At the other extreme is the Region VII, in the south of the studied area where the investment required per hectare barely reaches 500 US$. The contribution of the promotion agencies to the total cost also varied among regions and agencies. We discuss the results within a context of recovery cost per hectare depending on the different environmental characteristics and agricultural development of each of the studied regions. 相似文献
2.
de Carvalho George Harrison Ferreira de Andrade Milene Aparecida de Araújo Carla Nunes Santos Maria Lucília de Castro Natália Alves Charneau Sébastien Monnerat Rose de Santana Jaime Martins Bastos Izabela Marques Dourado 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(6):5514-5523
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus are vectors of diseases that constitute public health problems. The discovery of products capable of... 相似文献
3.
Manuela Carneiro Bruno Colaço Ricardo Brandão Carla Ferreira Nuno Santos Vanessa Soeiro Aura Colaço Maria João Pires Paula A. Oliveira Santiago Lavín 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(11):7011-7021
The accumulation of heavy metals in the environment may have a wide range of health effects on animals and humans. Thus, in this study, the concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in the blood and tissues (liver and kidney) of Portuguese common buzzards (Buteo buteo) were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in order to monitor environmental pollution to these elements. In general, Hg and As were the elements which appeared in the highest and lowest concentrations, respectively. A highest percentage of non-detected concentration was found for blood Cd (94.6 %) but, in turn, it was the only metal that was detected in all kidney samples. The kidney was the analyzed sample which showed the highest concentrations of each element evaluated. Statistically, significant differences among blood, liver, and kidney samples were observed for As and Cd (P?0.05). Cd concentrations in kidney and liver varied significantly with age: Adults showed higher hepatic and renal Cd concentrations than juveniles. Blood Pb concentration seems to show an association with the hunting season. Although raptors are at the top of the food chain and are thus potentially exposed to any biomagnification processes that may occur in a food web, the individuals evaluated in this study generally had low levels of heavy metals in blood and tissues. However, chronic exposure to these metals was verified. The results presented here lend weight to arguments in favor of continuous biomonitoring of metals and metalloids, since heavy metals may accumulate to levels that will pose a risk to both human health and the environment. 相似文献
4.
Iván N. Pérez-Maldonado Antonio Trejo-Acevedo Lucia Guadalupe Pruneda-Alvarez Octavio Gaspar-Ramirez Selene Ruvalcaba-Aranda Francisco Javier Perez-Vazquez 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(11):9287-9293
The aim of this study was to evaluate the DDT, DDE, and 1-hydroxypyrene exposure levels of children living in communities located in southeastern Mexico. The study communities were Lacanja and Victoria in Chiapas state and Ventanilla in Oaxaca state. Children living in Lacanja had total blood DDT levels (mean?±?SD, 29,039.6?±?11,261.4 ng/g lipid) that were significantly higher than those of children in Victoria (10,220.5?±?7,893.1 ng/g lipid) and Ventanilla (11,659.7?±?6,683.7 ng/g lipid). With respect to the 1-hydroxypyrene levels in urine samples, the levels in Lacanja (4.8?±?4.1 μg/L or 4.5?±?3.9 μmol/mol creatinine) and Victoria (4.6?±?3.8 μg/L or 3.9?±?3.0 μmol/mol Cr) were significantly higher than levels found in Ventanilla (3.6?±?1.4 μg/L or 2.5?±?0.5 μmol/mol Cr). In conclusion, our data indicate high levels of exposure in children living in the communities studied in this work. The evidence found in this study could be further used as a trigger to revisit local policies on environmental exposures. 相似文献
5.
Vera Lucia Ferreira de Oliveira Raquel Fernanda Gerlach Lourdes Conceição Martins Carolina de Souza Guerra Paulo Frazão Alfésio Luis Ferreira Braga Luiz Alberto Amador Pereira 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(16):14080-14090
Heavy metal contamination is a long-standing and very well-known public health problem, and its exposure can cause damage to several organs of human body, especially on the central nervous system of young children and teenagers. The aim of this article is to evaluate lead, cadmium, and manganese contamination in 125 children from 6 to 13 years old living in contaminated areas during the period from 2006 to 2009 (São Vicente, Cubatão Downtown, Bertioga and Cubatão Pilões/Água Fria). This estuary area is the most important example of environmental degradation by chemicals from industrial sources. This is a cross-sectional study through clinical examinations and dental enamel tests. All mothers from these children lived in the area since before the pregnancy. Lead, cadmium, and manganese levels (μg/g) were measured on dental enamel samples through graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, searching for the occurrence of heavy metals. The mean lead concentrations were 139.48 μg/g in Cubatão Pilões/Água Fria, 170.45 μg/g in Cubatão Downtown, 213.52 μg/g in São Vicente, and 151.89 μg/g in Bertioga. The mean cadmium concentrations were 10.83 μg/g in Cubatão Pilões/Água Fria, 12.58 μg/g in Cubatão Downtown, 10.92 μg/g in São Vicente, and 14.57 μg/g in Bertioga. The mean manganese concentrations were 23.49 μg/g in Cubatão Pilões/Água Fria, 30.90 μg/g in Cubatão Downtown, 41.46 μg/g in São Vicente, and 42.00 μg/g in Bertioga. Dental surface enamel may be used as an efficient biomarker of past environmental exposure to lead, manganese, and cadmium which are associated to well-known sources of heavy metal contamination. The results suggest that the evaluated children were exposed to sources of lead, cadmium, and manganese since before their conceptions. Although Bertioga initially was chosen as a control area of this study, it was also was verified to have heavy metal contamination on examined children. 相似文献
6.
Gemeiner Hendryk de Araujo Dourado Thiago Sulato Everton Tiago Galhardi Juliana Aparecida Gomes Ana Carla Fernandes de Almeida Eduardo Menegário Amauri Antonio Gastmans Didier Kiang Chang Hung 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(25):20616-20625
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The toxic metal lead (Pb) can be harmful to human health in various manners, but is also considered as a distinguished tracer of environmental... 相似文献
7.
Lucia Donnarumma Valter Pompi Alessandro Faraci Elisa Conte 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):449-454
The aim of these trials was to study the distribution of dieldrin in soil and its translocation to roots and the aerial parts of vegetable crops grown in greenhouses and fields. The main objectives were to characterize dieldrin accumulation in plant tissues in relation to the levels of soil contamination; uptake capability among plants belonging to different species, varieties and cultivars. The presence of the contaminant was quantified by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results showed a translocation of residues in cucurbitaceous fruits and flowers confirming that zucchini, cucumber and melon are crops with high uptake capability. The maximum level of dieldrin residue at 0.01 mg/kg was found to be a threshold value to safeguard the quality production of cucurbits. Tomato, lettuce and celery were identified as substitute crops to grow in contaminated fields. 相似文献
8.
This paper examines the role and diffusion of corporate social responsibility (CSR) management, especially in relation with the adoption of other management systems, in small and medium sized companies in the surface mining industry in Catalonia (Spain). Specifically, it identifies the most salient CSR practices, procedures and metrics and the profiles of companies more prone to adopt them. To fulfill this aim, a survey has been conducted. Results show that mining companies are familiar with CSR practices, but there is not much formalization of procedures and measurement systems of CSR yet. Results show that the majority of socially responsible practices are related to environmental issues and therefore there is a relation between CSR and the application of environmental management systems. The analysis reveals that the management of CSR activities improves with the diffusion of knowledge on CSR practices. A second survey collected the opinion of professional associations in the sector. Respondents indicate that an improvement in CSR management will lead to a better global competitive position. 相似文献
9.
10.
S. Alfieri U. Amato M.F. Carfora M. Esposito V. Magliulo 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(15):1866-1876
Quantifying trace gas emissions and the influence of surface exchange processes on the atmosphere is a necessary step towards the control of global greenhouse gas emissions and reliability of air quality models. This paper proposes a procedure based on the mass balance method and implemented on highly resolved aircraft data. It allows one to estimate surface exchanges on areas of several km2 and heterogeneous features exploiting the characteristics of convective boundary layer during steady state conditions that permit the estimation of emission/absorption terms as functions of advective fluxes only. A nonparametric approach is adopted and the fluxes on the surface of a virtual box surrounding the area of interest are reconstructed on the basis of scalar densities and wind vectors using Shepard functions. Two different techniques are also proposed to face lack of data on the top surface of the box. The method has been applied to experimental data coming from measurement campaigns on two different sites. It provides realistic estimates of the CO2 emission/absorption in the considered areas that are in good agreement with CO2 fluxes evaluated by Airborne Eddy Covariance and confirm the suitability of the proposed approach for the assessment of turbulent exchange of trace gases by composite landscapes. Uncertainties on the estimated emissions due to both propagation of the experimental error and interpolation have been quantified by bootstrap analysis as 6%. 相似文献