深部隧道单节理岩体开挖卸荷破裂及锚杆加固研究

深部隧道开挖卸荷引起的岩体破裂是地下工程典型灾害之一。针对深部隧道单节理岩体在开挖卸荷条件下的破裂问题,基于开挖卸荷引起的最小主应力线性降低规律,采用Griffith强度理论准则对开挖卸荷条件下的含单节理岩体破裂进行了分析,并对破裂岩体进行了锚杆加固设计研究。结果表明:当结构面倾角大于支护应力状态下的破裂角时,深部岩体初始应力状态下未产生破裂,随着最小主应力的降低,深部岩体先产生材料破坏后沿结构面破坏;当支护应力状态下的破裂角大于结构面倾角时,深部岩体受支护应力作用仅产生材料破裂;当结构面倾角小于最小主应力为0时对应的破裂角,深部岩体无论是否支护岩体仅产生材料破裂;对于深部岩体,产生破裂的必要条件是最大主应力大于8倍的岩体抗拉强度,且破裂角变化于30°~45°之间;岩体支护应力的选择应在岩体初始破裂应力与结构面破裂应力之间,并且要保证岩体应力的释放率以及围岩的稳定性。石塘隧道岩体破裂分析及锚杆加固研究表明:岩体首先产生材料破坏,其破坏的临界应力值为10.25 MPa,对应的破裂角为39.9°,结构面破裂的临界应力值为4.15 MPa;石塘隧道岩体在无支护条件下,沿结构面产生突发性破坏,岩体支护应在开挖完成40.59h内完成,岩体支护应力为7.175 MPa,支护破裂角为37.5°,单根锚杆锚拉设计值为88.7kN,锚固长度为5m,倾角为15°,间距为0.8m,此锚杆设计参数下可保证岩体应力充分释放以及确保围岩的稳定性。     

醇胺溶液吸收与解吸CO2的研究

在温度333K、常压条件下,在羟乙基乙二胺(AEE)总量一定的溶液中,研究了不同浓度AEE对CO2的吸收性能;在总胺质量分数为40%的溶液中,研究了不同配比的AEE N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)对CO2的吸收性能.考察了吸收过程中吸收速率、吸收量、吸收时间、AEE浓度以及吸收液温度的相互关系.控制解吸过程温度为393K,考察了CO2解吸量与解吸时间的关系.实验表明,适当降低AEE浓度有利于充分发挥AEE溶液的CO2吸收性能;在MDEA溶液中加入适量AEE,可以明显提高CO2的吸收与解吸性能;其中质量分数为20?E 20%MDEA的复合溶液在CO2吸收与解吸过程中表现出良好的实际操作性.     

高铁扣件弹条疲劳断裂原因分析

通过对WJ-7型扣件中60Si2MnA弹条在拉伸-扭转试验过程发生断裂的原因进行分析和数值模拟研究,得出弹条断裂的原因.对60Si2MnA弹条承受的荷载进行分析可知,WJ-7型扣件在铁垫板与弹条后端接触区域内弯处应力集中最大,是造成弹条断裂破坏的主要原因之一,而弹条断裂的根本原因是弹条长期处于极限强度下工作,使弹条最终...     

Magnetotactic bacteria: Characteristics and environmental applications

• Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) synthesize magnetic nanoparticle within magnetosomes. • The morphologic and phylogenetic diversity of MTB were summarized. • Isolation and mass cultivation of MTB deserve extensive research for applications. • MTB can remove heavy metals, radionuclides, and organic pollutants from wastewater. Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a group of Gram-negative prokaryotes that respond to the geomagnetic field. This unique property is attributed to the intracellular magnetosomes, which contains membrane-bound nanocrystals of magnetic iron minerals. This review summarizes the most recent advances in MTB, magnetosomes, and their potential applications especially the environmental pollutant control or remediation. The morphologic and phylogenetic diversity of MTB were first introduced, followed by a critical review of isolation and cultivation methods. Past research has devoted to optimize the factors, such as oxygen, carbon source, nitrogen source, nutrient broth, iron source, and mineral elements for the growth of MTB. Besides the applications of MTB in modern biological and medical fields, little attention was made on the environmental applications of MTB for wastewater treatment, which has been summarized in this review. For example, applications of MTB as adsorbents have resulted in a novel magnetic separation technology for removal of heavy metals or organic pollutants in wastewater. In addition, we summarized the current advance on pathogen removal and detection of endocrine disruptor which can inspire new insights toward sustainable engineering and practices. Finally, the new perspectives and possible directions for future studies are recommended, such as isolation of MTB, genetic modification of MTB for mass production and new environmental applications. The ultimate objective of this review is to promote the applications of MTB and magnetosomes in the environmental fields.     

Studies of potential sources that contributed to atmospheric mercury in Toronto,Canada

This study identified sources of mercury (Hg) in downtown Toronto, Canada by analyzing gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), mercury associated with particles with sizes less than 2.5 microns (PHg < 2.5), and gaseous oxidized inorganic mercury (GOIM), commonly referred to as reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), and air pollutants (CO, NO_x, O₃, PM_2.5, SO₂) concentrations between Dec 2003 and Nov 2004. The data were analyzed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), ratio analysis, back trajectories, and correlation analyses. The analyses suggest industrial sources (chemical production, metal production, sewage treatment), rather than coal combustion, were the major contributors to measured Hg levels. Overlap in source profiles for the Hg sources listed in the Canadian National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) and lack of source profiles for urban sources were the major limitations to positively identifying sources from the PMF and PCA factors. Correlation analyses revealed direct emissions were the sources of GOIM in spring, summer, and fall, and the occurrence of GEM oxidation by ozone in the summer. Elevated Hg events are attributed to emissions from urban sources near the sampling site, regional point sources, and photochemical processes involving ozone.     

Estimation of the temporal and spatial distribution of dust concentration over China by combining PM10 and conventional meteorological observations

In this paper, we will present a simple algorithm to estimate the temporal and spatial distribution of dust mass concentration by combining PM10 and conventional meteorological observations. The efficiency of the algorithm has been demonstrated by applying it to analyze the dust source, transport, and dissipation of the dust storm which occurred in the west region of Pa-tan-chi-lin Desert at 0200 BST 27 March, 2004.     

埕岛油田海底管道漏磁检测与安全评估

提出了埕岛油田海底管道内缺陷漏磁检测需解决的主要问题,研发了325 mm管道内缺陷漏磁检测装置,确定了海底管道漏磁检测工艺流程,配套了管道检测发射装置、接受装置等相关设施,实现了海底管道的漏磁检测、缺陷分析和安全评估。     

城市污水厌氧处理技术研究进展

通过介绍厌氧处理技术在城市污水处理中的现状及研究焦点,论述了以微生物固定化和提高污泥与污水混合效率为基础的一系列高速厌氧反应器的特点,分别阐述了升流式厌氧污泥床、折流式厌氧反应器、内循环厌氧反应器及颗粒污泥膨胀床反应器的研究进展,提出高效率的厌氧处理系统应满足的条件,并与好氧处理技术作了对比,综述了新型反应器的研制及其组合工艺的应用在废水处理领域所发挥的重要作用.     

互相关算法在次声监测数据处理中的应用

次声监测数据处理技术是我国履行全面禁止核试验条约必备技术之一。重点介绍逐次多通道互相关(PMCC)算法原理、处理流程以及与之相关的数据处理系统,并利用典型次声事件进行了实验研究。结果表明PMCC在处理次声监测数据方面具有优异性能。     

基因枪介导获得转植酸酶基因水稻研究

植酸酶是一类能促进植酸及其盐类水解成肌醇和磷酸的酶的总称.它能提高饲料和食品中磷的利用率,减轻粪便中磷排放所造成的环境污染,清除植酸与金属离子的螯合作用,改善微量元素的吸收和利用.本研究将马铃薯的胞外分泌信号肽(Psec)和大肠杆菌的植酸酶基因(appA2)结合组成融合基因导入粳稻台北309中.PCR检测和Southern杂交表明,植酸酶基因和分泌信号肽序列已经整合到水稻的基因组中.无机磷含量分析表明,含目的基因的转基因水稻种子及茎叶中的无机磷含量均较未转化植株有显著的提高.图6表1参14