土壤对六价铬的还原容量初步研究

提出并讨论了土壤的潜在还原容量、有效还原容量和条件还原容量等概念，通过对采用北京和唐山地下水饮用水源区３个包气带土壤样品的土柱淋滤实验，研究了土壤对水溶液中六价铬的还原作用，研究了上述土壤各种还原容量之间的关系及影响因素，探讨了向土壤中投加适量常见，无毒，价廉的还原性物质以提高土壤还原能力的方法和将其应用于去除灌溉用污染地下水中六价铬的可能性，实验结果表明，在正常环境条件下，土壤的有效还原容量比土     

Decomplexation of Cu-1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid by a three-dimensional electrolysis system with activated biochar as particle electrodes

The feasibility of decomplexation removal of typical contaminants in electroplating wastewater, complexed Cu(II) with 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (Cu-HEDP), was first performed by a three-dimensional electric reactor with activated biochar as particle electrodes. For the case of 50 mg/L Cu-HEDP, Cu(II) removal (90.7%) and PO initial pH 7, acid-treated almond shell biochar (AASB) addition 20 g/L, and reaction time 180 min, with second-order rate constants of 1.10 × 10⁻³ and 1.94 × 10⁻⁵ min⁻¹respectively. The growing chelating effect between Cu(II) and HEDP and the comprehensive actions of adsorptive accumulation, direct and indirect oxidation given by particle electrodes accounted for the enhanced removal of Cu-HEDP, even though the mineralization of HEDP was mainly dependent on anode oxidation. The performance attenuation of AASB particle electrodes was ascribed to the excessive consumption of oxygen-containing functionalities during the reaction, especially acidic carboxylic groups and quinones on particle electrodes, which decreased from 446.74 to 291.48 µmol/g, and 377.55 to 247.71 µmol/g, respectively. Based on the determination of adsorption behavior and indirect electrochemical oxidation mediated by in situ electrogenerated H₂O₂ and reactive oxygen species (e.g., •OH), a possible removal mechanism of Cu-HEDP by three-dimensional electrolysis was further proposed.     

多环芳烃的同步荧光光谱技术及其对尿样中多环芳烃的鉴别

荧光光谱技术是一种灵敏度高和选择性强的光度分析方法,特别是对广泛存在于环境中的多环芳烃类化合物(PAHs)是一种有力的痕量分析手段,但在复杂混合样品的分析中却受到不同程度的限制。1971年Lloyd提出了同步激发的想法,接着Jobn,Lloyd和Dinh等分别发表了PAH类化合物同荧光光谱技术的研究报告,Dinh使用这     

Dynamic characteristics of chlorine dispersion process and quantitative risk assessment of pollution hazard

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this study was to analyze dispersion behavior characteristics and pollution hazard risk after a release of liquid chlorine. A full-scale...     

水上LNG加注站外部安全距离确定方法研究

为了确定水上LNG加注站与周边建(构)筑物的外部安全距离,对LNG储罐泄漏后果进行数值模拟计算。利用FLACS软件,计算不同泄漏场景LNG气云扩散影响范围,采用自主研发的LNG火灾计算工具LNGFHR计算LNG储罐池火热辐射强度的影响范围。结果表明:LNG泄漏时间、泄漏量、风速、风向和大气稳定度等均会对LNG气云的扩散距离和LNG池火热辐射范围产生影响;根据计算结果,确定水上LNG加注站与重要公共建筑物、铁路、大桥、码头等的外部安全距离为150 m,与民用建筑物的外部安全距离为100~108 m,与生产厂房、库房和甲、乙、丙类液体储罐的外部安全距离为105~110 m。     

液化烃球罐泄漏温度场及材料适应性研究

针对高压储存的液化烃一旦发生泄漏,会迅速气化并吸热,使得球罐温度降低,严重时温度可能低于标准中允许的球罐材质最低适应温度的问题,建立球罐三维物理模型,基于CFD模拟的方法,采用雷诺时均的Navier-Stokes方程和k-ε湍流模型,分析球罐管线发生泄漏时球罐本体及周围环境的温度分布情况,探讨了不同泄漏孔径对球罐温度的影响。研究结果表明球罐发生泄漏时,球罐外部温度会明显降低,由于保温层的存在,球罐本体温度降幅不大。但在泄漏孔附近会形成较小的低温区,超过了16MnR材质的低温承受能力,存在较大的风险。     

基于风险的石油化工装置安全距离确定方法研究

借鉴国际上先进的风险评估技术方法,建立可行的计算安全距离的基本原则,全面考虑安全距离影响因素,科学确定个体伤害暴露标准和潜在危险的伤害标准,应用系统化危险识别技术,形成一套石油化工装置安全距离确定方法。     

保护层分析应用规则研究

为了确保保护层分析(LOPA)结果的客观性和可靠性,对LOPA的应用规则进行了探讨.按照LOPA应用的基本程序,对场景筛选、确定初始事件、独立保护层评估、场景频率计算、风险决策及后续跟踪等的相关规则进行了阐述.企业在应用LOPA时,应严格按照这些规则进行.     

东亚大气可吸入颗粒物时空分布的数值模拟研究

利用嵌套网格空气质量模式(Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System,NAQPMS)模拟研究了2010年东亚地区可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的时空演变,并初步评估了其对人群健康的危险度.结果表明,NAQPMS模式能够合理地反映东亚地区PM10的时空分布,不同季节观测值和模拟值的总体相关系数达到0.65~0.85.2010年东亚PM10的地面浓度高值区(100μg·m-3)出现在我国华北、华中和内蒙古中西部等地区.其中,无机盐(硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵盐)对我国东部PM10的贡献最大(10~70μg·m-3,20%~50%);一次PM10次之(5~50μg·m-3,10%~30%),有机物(5~30μg·m-3,10%~20%)和黑炭(3~20μg·m-3,3%~5%)紧随其后.PM10可以引起我国东部人群急性总死亡率增加2%~5%,对我国居民的健康水平构成了一定威胁.     

Characterization of residue from leached cathode ray tube funnel glass: reutilization as white carbon black

Cathode ray tube (CRT) funnel glass remains an urgent environmental problem and is composed mainly of lead oxide and silicon oxide. In this research, the residue could be obtained from 2 h to 500 rpm activated CRT funnel glass after extracting lead via acid leaching under the conditions of HNO₃ concentration 1.0 mol/L, leaching temperature 95 °C and leaching time 1 h. In order to reutilize the residue, its physico-chemical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that the residue was an amorphous superfine powder with approximately 93 wt% silica oxide and specific surface area of more than 170 m²/g. It can be reutilized as white carbon black.