扬州经济开发区发展循环经济的实践、对策和规划

扬州经济开发区通过国家生态工业示范园区的创建和国家循环经济试点工作,构建以工业共生、物质循环、自然和谐、宜业宜居为特征及资源节约型、环境友好型开发区。本文介绍了扬州经济开发区发展循环经济的实践情况,以“减量化、再利用、资源化”和“可持续性”原则为理念,分析了其循环经济发展存在的问题,并提出了相应对策和规划。     

Profile of Methane Concentrations in Soil and Atmosphere in Alpine Steppe Ecosystem on Tibetan Plateau

The methane concentration profile from -1.5m depth in soil to 32m height in air was measured in alpine steppe located in the permafrost area. Methane concentrations showed widely variations both in air and in soil during the study period. The mean concentrations in atmosphere were all higher than those in soil, and the highest methane concentration was found in air at the height of 16m with the lowest concentration occurring at the depth of 1.5m in soil. The variations of atmospheric methane concentrations did not show any clear pattern both temporally and spatially, although they exhibited a more steadystable state than those in soil. During the seasonal variations, the methane concentrations at different depths in soil were significantly correlated （R^2〉0.6） with each other comparing to the weak correlations （R^2〈0.2） between the atmospheric concentra- tions at different heights. Mean methane concentrations in soil significantly decreased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the decreasing production rates and the increasing methane oxidation rates, which was caused by the descent soil moisture with depth. Although the methane concentrations at all depths varied widely during the growing season, they showed very distinct temporal variations in the non-growing season. It was indicated from the literatures that methane oxidation rates were positively correlated with soil temperature. The higher methane concentrations in soil during the winter were determined by the lower methane oxidation rates with decreasing soil temperatures, whereas methane production rates had no reaction to the lower temperature. Relations between methane contribution and other environmental factors were not discussed in this paper for lacking of data, which impulse us to carry out further and more detailed studies in this unique area.     

基于Matlab的BP神经网络在大气污染物浓度预测中的应用

为了寻求有效控制和改善环境质量的相应措施,选用了英国伦敦Bloomsbury监测站的PM10小时平均浓度监测资料,采用“提前终止法”泛化改进的BP神经网络模型,预测PM1024 h内的小时平均浓度。结果表明：采用BP神经网络法对大气污染物浓度进行预测,预测相对误差在2%-48%之间,且绝大部分在2%-17%之间,预测精度较高,泛化能力较好,为大气污染物浓度预测提供了一种全新的思路和方法。     

多频管中电流法防腐层检测评级参数影响研究

多频管中电流法通过计算管道防腐层绝缘电阻来判断管道外防腐层的状态,近年来得到较为广泛的应用.但对于丘陵山地的埋地输油气气管道,其评价结果与实际状态有一定差距.通过研究发现,评价结果与实际状态不符的主要原因是:管道分布电容、管道分布电感在GDWFF处理软件中对防腐层评价结果影响较大,尤其是管道分布电感是关键参数.为此,修正了多频管中电流法评价软件给出的管道分布电感推荐值,并采用现场开挖的方式进行验证,说明评价结果更符合山地实际.     

论环境移民

由于环境恶化,部分区域出现了一种特殊的人口迁移类型－环境移民。环境移民是人口增长与环境容量之间矛盾的必然结果。本文对环境移民的概念,要素和实持作了初步探讨,并艰广西移民的例子加以说明。     

辽宁阜新两类变质地区的构造关系

根据太古宙地壳在后寒武纪被改造的特点,可以将研究区──阜新地区划分为西部稳定区和东部线性杂岩带。而西部稳定区又可依据变质作用强度进一步划分为西部麻粒岩相区和东部用闪岩相区。本文通过西部麻粒岩相区和东部角闪岩相区岩石组合特征、变质作用演化的动力学以及发育于其中的韧性剪切带运动学、动力学和地球物理学特征的对比研究,确定麻粒岩相区为历闪岩相区的根部带,后期构造运动的右行拉伸作用,使上部的角闪岩相区与下部的麻粒岩相区发生分离,而后一起抬升剥蚀,从而处于平行位置。     

腕足类生物壳体在沉积、成岩过程中同位素平衡问题研究

综合分析了现代腕足类生物壳体方解石中的C、O同位素特征，以及有关古生代腕足类生物壳体方解石构造和地球化学研究成果，分析结果证明：只有那些无发光性特点、无胶结和溶蚀构造特点、有较好纤维构造特点、含高Sr、Na和低Mn、Fe（Mg）的第二层腕足类生物壳体方解石的δ18O值不受成岩作用影响；而原始层和壳体中的特殊部位如铰合轴、腕骨、茎孔、交互面、肌痕等在沉积、成岩过程中与海水处于非同位素平衡状态。     

双负载双金属催化剂催化有机卤化物水相脱卤研究

通过把起相转移作用的聚乙二醇链固载在硅胶上（SiO2-PEG600）,再将聚乙稀吡咯烷酮（PVP）络合双金属Pd-Cu(PVP-PdCl2-CuCl2)后负载其中,制成一种新型双负载双金属水相脱卤催化剂PVP－PdCl2-CuCl2/SiO2-PEG600。以甲酸钠为氢转移试制,在水相中催化有机卤化物脱卤,研究结果表明：反应温度为800℃,Pd∶Cu=2∶1（摩尔比）,反应介质pH≈11.7左右时,该催化剂对芳香氯化物及α－氯代酮、酯具有良好的催化脱氯和重复使用性能。     

包裹碎石群桩动应力响应振动台模型试验研究∗

开展了包裹碎石群桩复合地基振动台模型试验,分析了包裹碎石桩轴向动应力及桩土之间水平剪切应力的响应特性。结果表明：地震波作用下,包裹碎石桩轴向动应力沿桩身向下迅速衰减。在地震作用过程中,包裹碎石桩上部承受的水平应力较大。某一地震作用下,取包裹碎石桩桩顶水平应力时程曲线的最大值,发现该值随输入地震加速度波峰值(0.1g~0.4g)的增大先增大,之后随输入加速度波峰值(0.6g、0.9g)的增大而减小,这表明桩顶的剪切强度降低了。