超临界二氧化碳流体萃取土壤中有机污染物的研究进展

就近年来人们利用超临界二氧化碳流体对有机污染物污染的土壤所做的研究工作以及所取得的成果进行了总结。     

红枫水库水-气界面二氧化碳分压及扩散通量的时空变化

红枫水库是我国西南喀斯特地区典型的人工湖泊,具有特殊的水文地质特征。准确估算其CO_2排放通量,对了解该水库碳循环具有重要意义。因此,于2017年7月至2018年4月采用走航式监测对库区(南湖和北湖)水气界面二氧化碳分压(pCO_2)和水质参数的时空变化进行了调查。结果表明,红枫水库pCO_2的分布具有明显的时空差异。库区秋、冬季表层水体pCO_2均超过大气pCO_2,表现为CO_2的净排放;春、夏季则相反,表现为CO_2的净吸收。从空间分布上来看,春、秋季北湖pCO_2要明显高于南湖,特别是秋季更为明显。另外,基于高频的走航监测数据,计算得到红枫水库全年CO_2的排放均值约为613mmol/(m~2·d)。     

筑坝对河流水化学和流域风化速率估算的影响——以乌江支流三岔河、猫跳河为例

利用水化学可以估算所在流域的化学风化速率,但筑坝对此的影响目前还不清楚。本研究以西南喀斯特三岔河和猫跳河河流-水库体系为研究对象,季节性调查了其水化学情况,并对其所在流域的岩石风化速率进行了估算,以评估筑坝对此的影响。调查水体的Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)的平均浓度分别为1 397、429、2 359、832μmol/L,表明其水化学组成主要受碳酸盐岩风化控制;这四种离子之和(MTDS)在水库中相对稳定且具有明显的季节变化,但河流MTDS变化相对复杂且无明显规律,表明筑坝显著影响了原有河流的水化学。河流筑坝后水流变缓,水深增加,生物作用增强,导致MTDS在水库剖面出现化学分层,而水库底层泄水的发电方式使得大坝下游水化学继承了水库底层水的特征,由此利用坝前坝后水化学数据计算出的化学风化速率差异在20%左右。     

某造纸企业扩建项目环境影响评价工作中清洁生产方案的制定

某造纸企业现有1#～4#生产线在原料储存、工艺技术、设备维护及管理等方面存在较多问题,现拟扩建5#生产线,针对现有工程存在的具体问题及扩建工程原料采用进口木浆的特点,环评制定了1#～4#线集中制浆技改、4#线除渣、1#、4#线节电改造、污水处理站节电改造、可控硅改变频、5#线白水回用等一系列清洁生产方案,并进行可行性分析,给出清洁生产方案实施前后的环境效益对比分析.     

Equilibrium sorption of phenanthrene by soil humic acids

This study investigated the effect of chemical heterogeneity of humic acids (HAs) on the equilibrium sorption of phenanthrene by HA extracts. Six HA samples were extracted from three different soils with 0.5 M NaOH and 0.1 M Na₄P₂O₇ and were characterized with elemental analysis, infrared spectrometry, and solid-state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. The equilibrium sorption measurements were carried out with a batch technique and using the six HA solids as the sorbents and phenanthrene as the sorbate. The measured sorption isotherm data were fitted to the Freundlich equation. The results showed that, for the same soil, (i) the total HA mass extracted with Na₄P₂O₇ was 13.7–22.6% less than that extracted with NaOH, (ii) the Na₄P₂O₇-extracted HA had higher O/C atomic ratio, greater content of polar organic carbons (POC), and lower aliphatic carbon content than the NaOH-extracted HA, and (iii) the Na₄P₂O₇-extracted HA exhibited greater sorption isotherm linearity and but not dramatic difference in sorption capacities than the NaOH extracted HA. The differences in the HA properties resulting from the two different extraction methods may be because NaOH can hydrolyze insoluble HA fractions such as fatty acid like macromolecules bound on soils whereas Na₄P₂O₇ could not. As a result, the HAs extracted with the two different methods had different polarity and functionality which affected their sorption property for phenanthrene.     

Urinary heavy metals in residents from a typical city in South China: human exposure and health risks

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Although heavy metal pollution has developed into a major global environmental problem, most research has focused on specific elements, especially...