塔里木河下游阿拉干断面胡杨枝下高对应急输水的响应

根据近5 a来对塔里木河下游阿拉干断面胡杨林(Populus euphratica Oliv.)的监测数据和不同离河距离的地下水位监测信息,结合"面"上宏观调查与"点"上典型研究,集中对100 hm2长期监测样方内的4 499棵胡杨树进行了详细的调查,将胡杨个体实测数据和卫星影像信息进行对比,分析了塔里木河下游胡杨枝下高对应急生态输水的响应.结果显示,塔里木河下游的胡杨具有伴河生长的特性,不同等级枝下高的胡杨都主要分布在距离河道200 m的范围,且其分布都与离河道距离呈显著负相关关系;应急输水后,不同离河距离的胡杨枝下高都有不同程度的下降,河道附近100 m的范围内下降幅度最大,达到了0.36 m,枝下高的下降主要是由于胡杨茎部和基部萌生新枝所引起的,说明应急输水对于胡杨的自然更新产生了积极的影响.     

Culling recolonizing mesopredators increases livestock losses: Evidence from the South African Karoo

Populations of adaptable mesopredators are expanding globally where passive rewilding and natural recolonization are taking place, increasing the risk of conflict with remaining livestock farmers. We analysed data from two social surveys of farmers in the Karoo, South Africa, where black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) and caracals (Caracal caracal) have re-emerged as a threat to sheep farms in the context of falling agricultural employment and the expansion of natural areas. We show that irrespective of measurement approach, lethal control of mesopredators in this fragmented socio-economic landscape was associated with increased livestock losses the following year. Terrain ruggedness was positively, and number of farmworkers negatively, associated with livestock losses. Our study provides further evidence that lethal control of mesopredators in this context is probably counter-productive and supports calls to develop, share and financially support a range of non-lethal methods to protect livestock, especially where natural recolonization of mesopredators is occurring. A graphical abstract can be found in Electronic supplementary material.