Identification of water quality management policy of watershed system with multiple uncertain interactions using a multi-level-factorial risk-inference-based possibilistic-probabilistic programming approach

In this study, a multi-level-factorial risk-inference-based possibilistic-probabilistic programming (MRPP) method is proposed for supporting water quality management under multiple uncertainties. The MRPP method can handle uncertainties expressed as fuzzy-random-boundary intervals, probability distributions, and interval numbers, and analyze the effects of uncertainties as well as their interactions on modeling outputs. It is applied to plan water quality management in the Xiangxihe watershed. Results reveal that a lower probability of satisfying the objective function (θ) as well as a higher probability of violating environmental constraints (q _i ) would correspond to a higher system benefit with an increased risk of violating system feasibility. Chemical plants are the major contributors to biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total phosphorus (TP) discharges; total nitrogen (TN) would be mainly discharged by crop farming. It is also discovered that optimistic decision makers should pay more attention to the interactions between chemical plant and water supply, while decision makers who possess a risk-averse attitude would focus on the interactive effect of q _i and benefit of water supply. The findings can help enhance the model’s applicability and identify a suitable water quality management policy for environmental sustainability according to the practical situations.

     

Municipal solid waste management planning for Xiamen City,China: a stochastic fractional inventory-theory-based approach

In this study, a stochastic fractional inventory-theory-based waste management planning (SFIWP) model was developed and applied for supporting long-term planning of the municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Xiamen City, the special economic zone of Fujian Province, China. In the SFIWP model, the techniques of inventory model, stochastic linear fractional programming, and mixed-integer linear programming were integrated in a framework. Issues of waste inventory in MSW management system were solved, and the system efficiency was maximized through considering maximum net-diverted wastes under various constraint-violation risks. Decision alternatives for waste allocation and capacity expansion were also provided for MSW management planning in Xiamen. The obtained results showed that about 4.24 × 10⁶ t of waste would be diverted from landfills when p _i is 0.01, which accounted for 93% of waste in Xiamen City, and the waste diversion per unit of cost would be 26.327 × 10³ t per $10⁶. The capacities of MSW management facilities including incinerators, composting facility, and landfills would be expanded due to increasing waste generation rate.     

“博戈罗茨克”国际应急演练

时间：2009年5月19-22日 地方：俄罗斯联邦莫斯科州诺金斯克市179训练基地 行动：上合组织“博戈罗茨克”民防救灾演练 主题：实施破坏性地震救援和其他应急救灾行动     

次临界膜通量下膜污染研究

针对膜生物反应器运行中膜污染问题,利用"逐级通量法"测定了膜组件的临界通量,并考察了次临界通量下膜污染的运行特性.试验发现,膜污染发展分为缓慢发展阶段和快速发展两个阶段.采用清水冲洗加次氯酸钠和盐酸溶液浸泡的方法能有效减少膜过滤阻力,去除率达到94 %.同时,阻力构成分析表明泥饼和凝胶层是膜污染的主要组成部分,分别占到总阻力的57%和31%,而新膜清水阻力仅占3.86%.