Low-cost, easy-maintenance and high-e ciency decentralized wastewater treatment technologies are urgently needed in rural areas
of China. Processes with high potential for phosphorus removal are of great interest. However, commonly used treatment methods often
do not meet the strict criteria for removing phosphorus from rural wastewater. In order to search an economic and simple technology
for phosphorus removal from the common bio-technologies e uent, seven soil types collected from di erent rural areas in China were
investigated for their ability to remove phosphorus. X-ray di raction (XRD) was used to analyse the mineral structure, and inductively
coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to analyse the geochemical composition of the soil samples. Three
primary minerals – quartz, albite and montmorillonite – were clearly detected. The samples were divided into two soil types, acidic
soils and alkaline soils, based on their pH values. The geochemical composition study indicated that a higher percentage of Ca and Mg
occurred in alkaline soils (pH > 8) than in acidic soils (pH < 6.5). Adsorption isotherms from batch experiments fitted the Langmuir
and Freundlich models well, the maximum P adsorption capacities ranged from 0.256 to 1.598 mg P/g, indicating a high phosphorus
removal potential for all of these soils. The P fractions extracted revealed that the sum of NaOH-extracted inorganic P (NaOH-Pi) was
the major P component in the acidic soils, and CaCO3-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) in the alkaline soils. Dynamic adsorption simulation
showed that these soils have the ability to remove phosphorus from wastewater. 相似文献
Transfer station, incineration plant, and landfill site made up the major parts of municipal solid waste disposal system of S city in Eastern China. Characteristics of volatile compounds (VCs) and odor pollution of each facility were investigated from a systematic perspective. Also major index related to odor pollution, i.e., species and concentration of VCs, olfactory odor concentration, and theoretic odor concentration, was quantified. Oxygenated compounds and hydrocarbons were the most abundant VCs in the three facilities. Different chemical species were quantified, and the following average concentrations were obtained: transfer station, 54 VCs, 2472.47 μg/m3; incineration plant, 75 VCs, 33,129.25 μg/m3; and landfill site, 71 VCs, 1694.33 μg/m3. Furthermore, the average olfactory odor concentrations were 20,388.80; 50,677.50; and 4951.17, respectively. The highest odor nuisance was detected in the waste tipping port of the incineration plant. A positive correlation between the olfactory and chemical odor concentrations was found with R2 = 0.918 (n = 15, P < 0.01). The result shows odor pollution risk transfer from landfill to incineration plant when adopting thermal technology to deal with the non-source-separated waste. Strong attention thus needs to be paid on the enclosed systems in incineration plant to avoid any accidental odor emission.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT) mixed matrix forward osmosis (FO) membranes were fabricated by phase inversion, and the mechanism... 相似文献
An effective and sensitive method for simultaneous analysis of malachite green (MG), enrofloxacin (ENFLX) and ciprofloxacin (CPFLX) by liquid chromatography-diode array detection with solid-phase extraction (SPE) is developed. The conditions of SPE and LC were investigated and optimised. The effective separation of these compounds was achieved using a ZY1104 C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with 20 mM tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (pH 3.0)-acetonitrile as mobile phase and gradient elution. The diode array detection was used at 278 nm for ENFLX and CPFLX and at 613 nm for MG. Under the optimal conditions, the method LOD values of MG, ENFLX and CPFLX were 0.01, 0.07 and 0.10 μg L(?-1) for fish farming water samples and 1.5, 10.5 and 15 μg kg(?-1) for fish feed samples, respectively. The relative recoveries of the three analytes were achieved to be 76.7-82.3% with the RSDs (n = 5) of 3.2-4.6% for spiked fish farming water samples and 78.8-93.7% with the RSDs (n = 5) of 3.1-4.8% for spiked fish feed samples. 相似文献