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排序方式: 共有247条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
气相色谱/质谱法分析食品中的丙烯酰胺 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
要揭示烹调食物中有无丙烯酰胺,需对可疑食品进行检测。经典的方法是用水从食品中提取出丙烯酸胺,再将其转化成溴化衍生物。文章描述了这些衍生物的电子轰击和正离子化学电离响应和谱图。另外,还介绍了一种更直接、更简便的方法,包括丙烯酰胺提取和直接进样,并用正离子化学电离进行分析。这种监测方法快速、可靠,检测限低。 相似文献
3.
Thomas W. Custer Grey Pendleton Harry M. Ohlendorf 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1990,15(1):83-89
Within-clutch variability of DDE and PCB residues in eggs from 62 clutches of black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) was small (12% and 17%) compared to among-clutch variability (88% and 83%). Significant correlations between concentrations of DDE (median r=0.8885) and of PCBs (median r=0.8244) occurred when 501 correlations were run on two randomly selected eggs from within the same clutch; no significant correlation occurred for either concentrations of DDE (median r=0.0353) or PCBs (median r=–0.0843) when eggs were not restricted to the same clutch but were restricted to the same colony. The probability of finding infrequently detected organochlorine contaminants (e.g., DDT, cis-chlordane) in eggs from the same clutch varied from 43–96% and increased as the chemical became more prevalent and the number of eggs per clutch became smaller. These results further support one of the basic assumptions of the sample egg technique, that the chemical residues in one egg in a clutch accurately reflect residues in the remaining eggs of the clutch. 相似文献
4.
Cecilia Eriksson Harry Burton 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2003,32(6):380-384
本文研究了从麦夸里岛上毛皮海豹(Arctocephalus spp.)粪便中发现的164个塑料颗粒(平均长度为4.1mm).其中41个塑料颗粒的电子显微照片显示,从其形状来看,没有一个可被确定为塑料颗柱原料--通常这样的颗粒是圆柱形和球形的.而海豹粪便中的164个塑料颗粒全都是7种颜色的角形颗粒(原料颗粒通常是透明的或白色的),并可被分为两类①沿晶体线碎裂的和可能是紫外线分解的;②被磨蚀成带有圆角的不规则形状(擦痕明显可见).白色、棕色、绿色、黄色以及蓝色是最常见的颜色.在成分上,它们来自于5种聚合物群聚乙烯93%;聚丙烯4%;多(1-CI-1-聚丁二烯)聚氯丁二烯2%;三聚氰胺-尿素(酚)(甲醛)树脂0.5%以及纤维素(绳纤维)0.5%.较大的群是漂浮的,比重小于海水.这些小塑料是由较大颗粒(碎片)分解而成的.它们看来是被水冲上岸的并在卵石海滩上受到研磨的塑料用品分解而成的.大多数颗粒(70%)肯定是由于经过不断的磨蚀而最后形成今天的形状.据假设,塑料颗粒被冲到海洋中,然后按其大小有选择地被一种中上层鱼--Electrona subaspera--吃掉,而这种鱼后来又被毛皮海豹吃掉.因此,这些塑料颗粒是由这种鱼和海豹在其正常的摄食过程中聚集的. 相似文献
5.
Chengliang Li Andreas Schffer Harry Vereecken Marc Heggen Rong Ji Erwin Klumpp 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(3):466-472
The aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the aqueous phase not only inhibits their extensive utilization in various aspects but also dominates their environmental fate and transport.The role of surfactants at low concentration in the aggregation of MWCNTs has been studied,however the effect of perfluorinated surfactants at low concentration is uncertain.To understand this interfacial phenomenon,the influences of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA),and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a control,on MWCNT aggregation in the aqueous phase were examined by the UV absorbency method.Influences of pH and cationic species on the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) value were evaluated.The CCC values were dependent on the concentration of PFOA,however a pronounced effect of SDS concentration on the CCC values was not observed.The CCC values of the MWCNTs were 51.6 mmol/L in NaCl and 0.28 mmol/L in CaCl 2 solutions,which suggested pronounced differences in the effects of Na+ and Ca2+ ions on the aggregation of the MWCNTs.The presence of both PFOA and SDS significantly decreased the CCC values of the MWCNTs in NaCl solution.The aggregation of the MWCNTs took place under acidic conditions and was not notably altered under neutral and alkaline conditions due to the electrostatic repulsion of deprotonated functional groups on the surface of the MWCNTs. 相似文献
6.
Wehrhan A Kasteel R Simunek J Groeneweg J Vereecken H 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2007,89(1-2):107-135
7.
During 19–20 October 2009, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences arranged the international symposium Energy 2050 in Stockholm. The symposium was held in association with the Swedish EU presidency in autumn 2009. Internationally renowned scientists assessed the energy issue in a broad perspective, with particular emphasis on the possibilities of a fossil-free future. The symposium focused on key topics emanating from the in-depth energy studies carried through by the Academy´s Energy Committee since 2005. The world community is facing a challenge of historic proportions to define a new energy paradigm based on fossil-energy substitutes. This article gives an overview of the current global energy situation (2007) and of the technologies which have the major potential for supplying energy up to year 2050 without jeopardizing the CO2 emission targets. 相似文献
8.
Forest policymakers, public lands managers, and scientists in the Pacific Northwest (USA) seek ways to evaluate the landscape-level
effects of policies and management through the multidisciplinary development and application of spatially explicit methods
and models. The Interagency Mapping and Analysis Project (IMAP) is an ongoing effort to generate landscape-wide vegetation
data and models to evaluate the integrated effects of disturbances and management activities on natural resource conditions
in Oregon and Washington (USA). In this initial analysis, we characterized the spatial distribution of forest and range land
development in a four-county pilot study region in central Oregon. The empirical model describes the spatial distribution
of buildings and new building construction as a function of population growth, existing development, topography, land-use
zoning, and other factors. We used the model to create geographic information system maps of likely future development based
on human population projections to inform complementary landscape analyses underway involving vegetation, habitat, and wildfire
interactions. In an example application, we use the model and resulting maps to show the potential impacts of future forest
and range land development on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) winter range. Results indicate significant development encroachment and habitat loss already in 2000 with development located
along key migration routes and increasing through the projection period to 2040. The example application illustrates a simple
way for policymakers and public lands managers to combine existing data and preliminary model outputs to begin to consider
the potential effects of development on future landscape conditions. 相似文献
9.
Harry M. Walker 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):903-912
Ozone trends have been developed for 50 California sites located in six basins and for 15 Texas sites in two regions. All data were obtained directly from state or local monitoring agencies and have been standardized to the current ultraviolet calibration basis. Rigorous standards of data representativeness and statistical validity have been adhered to throughout. The effect of monitoring variance upon apparent trends is reviewed as well as implications of this work for the ozone control strategy. Trends for 1973-82 for three key robust ozone statistics were developed in detail and analyzed. These are: annual average, annual hours >120 ppb and average daily maximum hour (May through October). Summaries for three other statistics including annual maximum hour are also included as well as composite trends for California basins and Texas regions. The statistical significance of all trends is discussed. 相似文献
10.
Lianou M Chalbot MC Kavouras IG Kotronarou A Karakatsani A Analytis A Katsouyanni K Puustinen A Hameri K Vallius M Pekkanen J Meddings C Harrison RM Ayres JG ten Brick H Kos G Meliefste K de Hartog J Hoek G 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(7):1202-1212