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排序方式: 共有47条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Liang Chen Syed H. Imam Sherald H. Gordon Richard V. Greene 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1997,5(2):111-117
Starch-PVOH cast films were prepared with and without crosslinking agent (hexamethoxymethylmelamine) in the absence of plasticizer.
Moisture absorption in films without crosslinking agent at a low relative humidity was similar to that of PVOH and increased
as the relative humidity increased. Films with crosslinking agent showed moisture absorption linearly proportional to the
relative humidity. Significant improvement in resistance to water disintegration for crosslinked starch-PVOH films was observed.
While the tensile strength decreased with increased relative humidity, crosslinking significantly improved the tensile strength.
Increased PVOH content improved elongation of films even when the relative humidity was 80% or higher. Biodegradation studies
revealed that the degradation rate was negatively correlated with the PVOH content in films and crosslinking generated more
converged degradation curves.
Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard
of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also
be suitable. 相似文献
2.
Gregory M. Glenn Artur K. Klamczynski Bor-Sen Chiou Delilah Wood William J. Orts Syed H. Imam 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2004,12(3):189-196
Starch aquagel-based lightweight concrete has properties similar to those of other lightweight concrete products. However, starch aquagels are unstable in the strongly alkaline conditions typical of Portland Cement-based concrete and may interfere with the setting process. The effect of alkali treatments on the physical, mechanical, and functional properties of starch aquagels and aquagels from starch/polymer blends was investigated. Starch was blended at 100–115°C in a twin-screw extruder with five different polymers to determine whether the blends improved alkaline resistance. Polymer blends containing 5%, 15%, and 30% of the polymer hydrated and formed aquagels when equilibrated in water for 24 h. However, equilibrium moisture content was lower for the blends compared to the starch control. Aquagels equilibrated in 0.15 N NaOH swelled, lost compressive strength and had greater than 90% moisture. The blend of starch and 30% PVOH absorbed less moisture and was more resistant to alkaline dissolution in 1 N NaOH than the other blends tested making it a more suitable material for aquagel-based concrete. The moisture content of starch-based aquagels and mixing time were critical factors in determining setting times. The size of aquagel blends had a minor effect on density and compressive strength. 相似文献
3.
The capability of a cost-effective and a small size decentralized pilot wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to remove enteric viruses such as rotavirus, norovirus genogroup I (GGI), norovirus genogroup II (GGII), Hepatitis E virus (HEV), and adenovirus was studied. This pilot plant is an integrated hybrid anaerobic/aerobic setup which consisted of anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), biological aerated filter (BAF), and inclined plate settler (IPS). Both the UASB and BAF are packed with a non-woven polyester fabric (NWPF). Results indicated that the overall log10 reductions of enteric viruses’ genome copies through the whole system were 3.1 ± 1, 3.3 ± 0.5, and 2.6 ± 0.9 log10 for rotavirus, norovirus GGI, and adenovirus, respectively. Reduction efficiency for both norovirus GGII and HEV after the different treatment steps could not be calculated because there were no significant numbers of positive samples for both viruses. The overall reduction of rotavirus infectious units through the whole system was 2.2 ± 0.8 log10 reduction which is very close to the overall log10 reduction of adenovirus infectious units through the whole system which was 2.1 ± 0.8 log10 reduction. There was no considerable difference in the removal efficiency for different rotavirus G and P types. Adenovirus 41 was the only type detected in the all positive samples. Although the pilot WWTP investigated is cost effective, has a small footprint, does not need a long distance network pipes, and easy to operate, its efficiency to remove enteric viruses is comparable with the conventional centralized WWTPs. 相似文献
4.
Hassan Hisham Soliman El-Kamash Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim Haneen Abdel-Salam 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(25):25641-25655
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A composite polymer, hydroxyapatite/poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid), was synthesized by gamma-induced polymerization. The factors affecting the sorption... 相似文献
5.
Souad A. Elfeky Hisham Imam Alsayed A. Alsherbini 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(11):8220-8226
Release of heavy metals into waterways without treatment can cause a significant threat to the environment. In this paper, we present a method of improving the removal of heavy metals by using Eichhornia crassipes roots (ECR) supported on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) thin film. The functional groups of the synthesized PMMA sample were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. ECR roots dried fine powder has a small size and large surface area. They contain many polyfunctional metal-binding sites for both cationic and anionic metal complexes. The results show that using 0.1 g of ECR, about 70 % of Cd present in the water was removed in 4 h; while under the same conditions, about 55 % of Ni was removed. The concentrations of Ni and Cd were measured by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, a promising technique for the elemental analysis of heavy metals. 相似文献
6.
7.
Application of Cellulose Microfibrils in Polymer Nanocomposites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
William?J.?OrtsEmail author Justin?Shey Syed?H.?Imam Gregory?M.?Glenn Mara?E.?Guttman Jean-Francois?Revol 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2005,13(4):301-306
Cellulose microfibrils obtained by the acid hydrolysis of cellulose fibers were added at low concentrations (2–10% w/w) to polymer gels and films as reinforcing agents. Significant changes in mechanical properties, especially maximum load and tensile strength, were obtained for fibrils derived from several cellulosic sources, including cotton, softwood, and bacterial cellulose. For extruded starch plastics, the addition of cotton-derived microfibrils at 10.3% (w/w) concentration increased Young’s modulus by 5-fold relative to a control sample with no cellulose reinforcement. Preliminary data suggests that shear alignment significantly improves tensile strength. Addition of microfibrils does not always change mechanical properties in a predictable direction. Whereas tensile strength and modulus were shown to increase during addition of microfibrils to an extruded starch thermoplastic and a cast latex film, these parameters decreased when microfibrils were added to a starch–pectin blend, implying that complex interactions are involved in the application of these reinforcing agents. 相似文献
8.
9.
Sheil D Puri R Wan M Basuki I van Heist M Liswanti N Rukmiyati Rachmatika I Samsoedin I 《Ambio》2006,35(1):17-24
Tropical forest people often suffer from the same processes that threaten biodiversity. An improved knowledge of what is important to local people could improve decision making. This article examines the usefulness of explicitly asking what is important to local people. Our examples draw on biodiversity surveys in East Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). With local communities we characterized locally valued habitats, species, and sites, and their significance. This process clarified various priorities and threats, suggested refinements and limits to management options, and indicated issues requiring specific actions, further investigation, or both. It also shows how biological evaluations are more efficient with local guidance, and reveals potential for collaborations between local communities and those concerned with conservation. Such evaluations are a first step in facilitating the incorporation of local concerns into higher-level decision making. Conservationists who engage with local views can benefit from an expanded constituency, and from new opportunities for pursuing effective conservation. 相似文献
10.
The relative effectiveness of different bands of irradiance to estimate the latitude of archival tags was evaluated. These
tags are placed on fishes in order to describe their movements during long distance migrations. Measurements were recorded
of broad-band irradiance with and without a cosine collector and narrow-band irradiance of seven narrow bands with 50% attenuation
30 nm on either side of their central wavelength of 400 (violet), 450 (blue), 500 (blue–green), 550 (green), 600 (yellow),
650 (orange), and 700 nm (red). A holographic, cosine collector was used to reduce the vertical transmission of irradiance
to the sensor and to increase horizontal transmission of irradiance so the sensor detected more of the diffuse irradiance
penetrating the water at dawn and dusk. Daily measurements were made during seven periods of 1–2 days each, beginning 28 June
(after 21 June solstice) and ending on 6 October 1999 (after September 23 equinox) of submarine irradiance at 15-s intervals
at a fixed depth (10 m) and location (38.31°N; 123.08°W) in Horseshoe Cove, California. Irradiance transmission at this site
is intermediate between the clearest offshore waters, where blue irradiance (450 nm) penetrates farther with depth than green
irradiance (550 nm) and most oceanic and coastal waters, where green penetrates farther than blue irradiance. Two algorithms
were used to estimate latitude, the maximum slope method and the maximum logarithmic difference method. The broad-band, cosine-corrected
light, excluding those deployments near the equinox when error is highest, produced an estimate of latitude of 38.30° for
both methods and a latitudinal error of ±34.4 km for the former and ±27.2 km for the latter. The mean latitudinal error for
non-cosine-collected, broad-band irradiance was ±190.9 km, using the slope algorithm and ±184.8 km using the difference algorithm.
The blue band of irradiance, which attenuates least with increasing depth in clear, oceanic water, also produced a comparatively
high-latitudinal error of ±163.8 km error for the former algorithm and ±170.4 km for the latter algorithm. Tag designers should
consider using cosine-collectors over the irradiance sensors on their archival tags to increase the accuracy of position estimates. 相似文献