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蜂窝煤燃烧氟污染的控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以碳酸钙为固氟添加剂,以炉渣及粉煤灰等低氟材料取代全部或部分粘土作为粘结剂来制作蜂窝煤,进行了燃煤降氟的试验研究.结果表明,添加碳酸钙能有效降低蜂窝煤燃烧时候的氟排放,当煤:粘土:CaCO3的质量比为70:17:13时,碳酸钙的固氟效果最佳,氟的排放率可降低64.1%.以炉渣为粘结剂制作蜂窝煤能够显著降低燃烧时向外界排放的氟化物量,当煤:炉渣:CaCO3为80:8:12时,蜂窝煤燃烧排氟量较小且趋于稳定.已拌有一定剂量粉煤灰粘结剂的煤中添加15%的粘土后碳酸钙的固氟效果明显改善,当煤:粘土:粉煤灰:CaCO3为70:15:9:6时固氟效果最佳,此时蜂窝煤氟逸出率仅为18.2%,氟的减排率达到77.9%,显著优于未添加粘土时碳酸钙的固氟效果,蜂窝煤添加碳酸钙固氟剂进行高效固氟时,需同时适当增加粉煤灰加入量,以稳定固氟剂的高温固氟效果. 相似文献
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A novel electrolytic groundwater remediation process, which used the H2 continuously generated at cathode to achieve in situ catalytic hydrodechlorination, was developed for the treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in groundwater. Catalytic hydrodechlorination using Pd supported on bamboo charcoal and external H2 showed that 2,4-DCP was completely dechlorinated to phenol within 30 min at pH ? 5.5. In a divided electrolytic system, the catalytic hydrodechlorination of 2,4-DCP in cathodic compartment by H2 generated at the cathode under 20 and 50 mA reached 100% at 120 and 60 min, respectively. Two column experiments with influent pHs of 5.5 (unconditioned) and 2 were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of this process. The 2,4-DCP removal efficiencies were about 63% and nearly 100% at influent pHs of 5.5 and 2, respectively. Phenol was solely produced by 2,4-DCP hydrodechlorination, and was subsequently degraded at the anode. A low pH could enhance the hydrodechlorination, but was not necessarily required. This study provides the preliminary results of a novel effective electrolytic process for the remediation of groundwater contaminated by chlorinated aromatics. 相似文献
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为分析南昌市大气降水离子来源和源区,对南昌市2016年4—9月大气降水样品主要阴阳离子的组成进行了测定分析,并运用PMF(正定矩阵因子分解)模型分析来源和TrajStat软件模拟后向轨迹.结果表明:NH4+和Ca2+是南昌市大气降水中的主要阳离子,加权平均浓度为65.3和23.9 μmol/L,分别占阳离子总量的57%和21%;SO42-和NO3-是主要阴离子,加权平均浓度为60.4和25.3 μmol/L,分别占阴离子总量的56%和23%.c(NH4+)、c(Ca2+)、c(K+)、c(Mg2+)、c(Na+)、c(Cl-)、c(NO3-)之间均存在着较为显著的相关性,说明它们之间可能有相似的来源或形成化合物共同存在.结合PMF模型分析结果表明,Na+、Cl-很明显受到了海盐的影响,也部分受土壤和二次污染影响;K+、Mg2+、Ca2+大部分来自于土壤,海盐、二次污染也贡献了一部分的K+;SO42-、NH4+和NO3-是组成大气二次颗粒物的主要成分,主要由二次污染源贡献;煤燃烧贡献了主要的F-和部分SO42-.后向轨迹模型分析表明,南昌市大气降水主要受局地降雨气团影响,5月、8月、9月受陆源及人为影响较大,海源性离子经过内陆上空时被稀释或沉降,导致6月、7月来自于海洋上空的降雨气团对南昌影响不大.研究显示,SO42-对南昌市大气降水的影响逐渐增大导致降雨类型逐渐由混合型向硫酸型转化,人为影响是造成大气污染的主要原因. 相似文献
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建立了自动在线柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱法同时测定桂花叶片中21种游离氨基酸的方法。样品超纯水超声提取,经阳离子交换树脂柱纯化,有效降低了色素、糖类等杂质对定量的影响,同时减轻了样品对液相色谱柱的损害。以邻苯二甲醛(OPA)与9-芴甲基氯甲酸酯(FMOC)为衍生剂,Agilent Zorbax Eclipse-AAA色谱柱分离,梯度洗脱,荧光检测器检测,在19min内完成桂花叶片中21种氨基酸的分析,双内标法定量。结果 21种氨基酸线性关系、精密度、准确性、重现性良好。标准氨基酸的保留时间和峰面积平均相对标准偏差分别为0.14%和2.99%,加标回收率平均为91.09%。桂花叶片游离氨基酸中,含量最多的是谷氨酸,占总游离氨基酸的24%。本实验方法保证了氨基酸浓度定量的准确可靠性,可用于高等植物叶片中游离氨基酸浓度的测定。 相似文献
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Junyi Du Daishe Wu Huayun Xiao Ping Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(2):212-226
This research investigates the adsorption mechanisms of fluoride (F) on four clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, chlorite,
and illite) under different F− concentrations and reaction times by probing their fluoride superficial layer binding energies and element compositions using
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At high F− concentrations (C
0 = 5–1000 mg·L−1), the amount of F− adsorbed (Q
F), amount of hydroxide released by clay minerals, solution F− concentration, and the pH increase with increasing C
0. The increases are remarkable at C
0>50 mg·L−1. The QF increases significantly by continuously modifying the pH level. At C
0<5–100 mg·L−1, clay minerals adsorb H+ to protonate aluminum-bound surface-active hydroxyl sites in the superficial layers and induce F− binding. As the C
0 increases, F−, along with other cations, is adsorbed to form a quasi-cryolite structure. At C
0>100 mg·L−1, new minerals precipitate and the product depends on the critical Al3+ concentration. At [Al3+]>10−11.94 mol·L−1, cryolite forms, while at [Al3+]<10−11.94 mol·L−1, AlF3 is formed. At low C
0 (0.3–1.5 mg·L−1), proton transfer occurs, and the F− adsorption capabilities of the clay minerals increase with time. 相似文献
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公路两侧大气颗粒物中的重金属污染特征及其影响因素 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
选择昌九高速公路(赣粤高速公路南昌至九江段)、昌樟高速公路(赣粤高速公路南昌至樟树段)为研究对象,采集了公路两侧10μm相似文献
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Junyi Du Daishe Wu Huayun Xiao Ping Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(2):212-226
This research investigates the adsorption mechanisms of fluoride (F) on four clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, chlorite, and illite) under different F? concentrations and reaction times by probing their fluoride superficial layer binding energies and element compositions using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At high F? concentrations (C 0 = 5?C1000 mg·L?1), the amount of F? adsorbed (Q F), amount of hydroxide released by clay minerals, solution F? concentration, and the pH increase with increasing C 0. The increases are remarkable at C 0>50 mg·L?1. The QF increases significantly by continuously modifying the pH level. At C 0<5?C100 mg·L?1, clay minerals adsorb H+ to protonate aluminum-bound surface-active hydroxyl sites in the superficial layers and induce F? binding. As the C 0 increases, F?, along with other cations, is adsorbed to form a quasi-cryolite structure. At C 0>100 mg·L?1, new minerals precipitate and the product depends on the critical Al3+ concentration. At [Al3+]>10?11.94 mol·L?1, cryolite forms, while at [Al3+]<10?11.94 mol·L?1, AlF3 is formed. At low C 0 (0.3?C1.5 mg·L?1), proton transfer occurs, and the F? adsorption capabilities of the clay minerals increase with time. 相似文献