单甲脒农药的微生物降解代谢研究

研究了门多萨假单胞菌ＤＲ－８菌株对单甲脒农药的降解代谢。该菌利用率甲脒作为生长的唯一氮源，其对单甲脒的呼吸作用试验确证了该农药的生物可降解性。单甲脒对细菌生物氧化代谢关联酶活性的影响研究表明，脱氢酶对单甲脒较敏感，而ＮＡＤＨ氧化酶则耐受性较强。     

沼泽红假单胞菌H3对酸性红B2GL染料的厌氧脱色和降解作用

从印染厂污泥中分离到一株沼泽红假单胞菌（ＲｈｏｄｏｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｐａｌｕｓｔｒｉｓＨ３），在光照厌氧条件下该菌生长细胞可将１００ｍｇ／Ｌ酸性红Ｂ２ＧＬ染料去除到３０ｍｇ／Ｌ．完整细胞脱色的最适条件为ｐＨ７０，温度３０℃，细胞浓度２０—２５ｍｇ／ｍＬ（湿重）．低浓度的阳离子对脱色影响不大．在通Ａｒ气使严格厌氧和加有还原性辅酶Ｉ的条件下无细胞提取液的脱色活性最高，比活率为１５４×１０－２ｍｇ／（ｍｇ·ｈ）．根据降解产物的分析，推断了该菌对酸性红染料的降解代谢途径．     

利用微生物进行煤炭脱硫

从松藻煤矿分离到的氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans)菌株T-4,能够利用煤炭中的黄铁矿作为能源基质,用含有细胞量10~8-10~9个/ml,pH1.55-1.70的种菌液,脱除煤炭中的无机硫,并进行了细菌煤炭脱硫的条件试验,9个样品4—72h试验结果,总硫量由1.31—2.45％降至1.05—1.88％,黄铁矿硫脱除率达86.11—95.16％.     

厌氧条件下微生物对芳香族化合物分解的研究进展

本文总结了国内外芳香族化合物厌氧微生物分解的代谢类型和途径,指出厌氧条件下微生物对芳香族化合物的分解,包括光和代谢作用、硝酸盐还原作用、发酵作用、硫酸盐还原作用和产甲烷作用五种类型.厌氧条件下芳环的生物裂解包括还原性和非还原性两种类型,讨论了参与芳环裂解过程的一些酶类.     

蜡状芽孢杆菌WXZ-8的异养硝化/好氧反硝化性能研究

通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增、16S rDNA测序并结合同源性分析,鉴别出菌株WXZ-8为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus ce-reus).对菌株WXZ-8进行异养硝化/好氧反硝化性能测定,并通过正交实验进行培养条件的优选,选取的因素为COD/N、温度、转速和pH.结果表明,对菌株WXZ-8影响最大的因素是转速,其次为COD/N;在最优条件(即温度=30℃、COD/N=25、pH=9.0、转速=180 r/min)下,菌株WXZ-8的氨氮去除率最高达到96.06%.在最优条件下,提高初始氨氮质量浓度为211.52、429.16、897.29mg/L时.菌株WXZ-8在前48 h的氨氮去除速度均达到最大,分别为119.04、94.76,142.21 mg/(L·d),其氨氮去除率最高分别为94.41%、73.43%、51.08%.菌株WXZ-8具有良好的异养硝化/好氧反硝化性能.     

垃圾填埋场有机污染物的生物降解机理

概述了垃圾填埋场中微生物的作用特性，微生物对有机污染物的降解及其影响因素，介绍了有机污染物降解的两种生化动力学模型：“速度指数模型”和“双曲线速度模型”，以及垃圾降解的动力学方程。     

呼和浩特城区冬季近地面挥发性有机物污染特征初步研究

挥发性有机物(VOCs)是环境空气监测的主要目标污染物。本文运用罐采样-三级冷阱预浓缩-中心切割-气相色谱(FID)/气质联用法对人群主要活动的近地面不同高度、不同时间段及不同区域的呼和浩特冬季大气环境中挥发性有机物进行定性定量分析。发现典型天气情况下,呼和浩特城区冬季近地面挥发性有机物组分中烷烃和芳香烃占比较高,城区西侧所监测点位挥发性有机物总量(TVOCs)浓度高于其他区域,且其浓度在高度和时段上存在明显差异。     

Study on the denitrification performance of FexLayOz/activated coke for NH3-SCR and the effect of CO escaped from activated coke at mid-high temperature on catalytic activity

Currently, activated coke is widely used in the removal of multiple pollutants from industrial flue gas. In this paper, a series of novel Fe_xLa_yO_z/AC catalysts was prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation for NH₃-SCR denitrification reaction. The introduction of Fe-La bimetal oxides significantly improved the denitrification performance of activated coke at mid-high temperature, and 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC exhibited a superior NO_x conversion efficiency of 90.1% at 400 °C. The catalysts were further characterized by BET, SEM, XRD, Raman, EPR, XPS, FTIR, NH₃-TPD, H₂-TPR, et al., whose results showed that the perovskite-type oxide of LaFeO₃ and oxygen vacancies were produced on the catalysts’ surfaces during roasting. Fe-La doping enhanced the amount of acid sites (mainly Lewis and other stronger acid sites) and the content of multifarious oxygen species, which were beneficial for NO_x removal at mid-high temperature. Moreover, it was investigated that the effect of released CO from activated coke at mid-high temperature on the NO_x removal through the lifetime test, in which it was found that a large amount of CO produced by pyrolysis of activated coke could promote the NO_x removal, and long-term escaping of CO on the activated coke carrier did not have a significant negative impact on catalytic performance. The results of the TG-IR test showed that volatile matter is released from the activated coke while TG results showed that the weight loss rate of 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC only was 0.0015~0.007%/min at 300–400 °C. Hence, 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC had excellent thermal stability and denitrification performance to be continuously used at mid-high temperature. Finally, the mechanisms were proposed on the basis of experiments and characterization results.

     

聚合氯化铝污泥对磷的吸附动力学及热力学

聚合氯化铝污泥（polyaluminium chloride sludge,PACS）是指以聚合氯化铝（PAC）为混凝剂的城镇给水厂在生产过程中所产生的污泥。采用批量吸附实验考察了PACS对磷的吸附动力学及热力学行为。结果表明,吸附反应发生1 h后,PACS对磷的吸附量达到平衡吸附量的75%～90%,随后PACS对磷的...     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的微生物降解

通过驯化富集培养,从处理石化厂废水的活性污泥中分离出１株邻苯二甲酸酯降解菌ＦＳＩ,研究了邻苯二甲酸酯菌ＦＳＩ对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的生物降解特性。邻苯二甲酸酯降解菌ＦＳＩ降解最适酸度为ｐＨ６．５～８．０,温度为２０～３５℃。菌株ＦＳＩ对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的生物降解反应速率遵循一级反应动力学模式。试验结果表明,菌株ＦＳＩ对邻苯二甲本二丁酯具有高效降解作用。