Biodegradation of 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate in river sediments and its impact on microbial communities

Numerous studies have evaluated the toxicity and endocrine disrupting properties of organic UV filters for aquatic organisms, but little is known about their biodegradation in river sediments and their impact on microorganisms. We have set up the sterile and microbiological systems in the laboratory, adding 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC), one of organic UV filters included in the list of high yield chemicals, at concentrations of 2, 20 and 200 μg/L, and characterized the microbial community composition and diversity in sediments. Monitoring of EHMC degradation within 30 days revealed that the half-life in the microbial system (3.49 days) was much shorter than that in the sterile system (7.55 days). Two potential degradation products, 4-mercaptobenzoic acid and 3-methoxyphenol were identified in the microbial system. Furthermore, high-throughput 16s and 18s rRNA gene sequencing showed that Proteobacteria dominated the sediment bacterial assemblages followed by Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Nitrospirae; Eukaryota_uncultured fungus dominated the sediment fungal assemblages. Correlation analysis demonstrated that two bacterium genera (Anaerolineaceae_uncultured and Burkholderiaceae_uncultured) were significantly correlated with the biodegradation of EHMC. These results illustrate the biodegradability of EHMC in river sediments and its potential impact on microbial communities, which can provide useful information for eliminating the pollution of organic UV filters in natural river systems and assessing their potential ecological risks.     

TiO2光催化氧化脱除模拟烟气中的NOx

采用P25纳米TiO2为催化剂,对NOx浓度360 mg/m3的模拟烟气进行了光催化氧化实验研究,以期为此种方法在电厂烟气脱硝方面的应用提供依据.经SEM、XRD等表征手段,探讨了催化剂晶型尺寸对光催化的作用.实验考察了光催化反应过程规律以及负载量、光照度、NO初始浓度、O2含量、相对湿度和停留时间对光催化氧化效率的影响.结果表明,光催化反应是瞬态到稳态的过程,其催化效率与上述影响因子有密切关系.实验最优条件下NOx的脱除率为46％,但只需适当提高氧化效能,便能达到理想的效果.     

春季典型天气太原市大气环境监测时段性研究

为了从一些具有代表性的监测时段数据中快速而直观地反映太原市大气环境状况,运用特征分析法对太原市中心城区7个监测点的16个时间点位的样本数据联系性进行了分析。借助MATLAB软件对其进行可视化,得到各监测点的时间点优化分组。通过对7个优化分组综合比选,提出了能整体反映春季典型天气条件下太原市大气环境状况的优化时段点位,分别为7:00、12:00、14:00、15:00、18:00、19:00和22:00。将5 d相同或相似天气状况的优化时段点位进行对比,得到的结果一致,体现了代表性。太原市总体优化时段点位数据由反映各区域状况的各监测点优化时段点数据平均值或乘以相应的权重得出。     

农田土壤重金属污染风险评价模型与方法研究

土壤重金属污染是当今重要的世界性环境问题之一,尤其近年来不断出现的农产品重金属超标问题与农田土壤重金属污染程度密切相关。因此,选择合理的模型和方法对农田土壤中重金属污染状况进行评价,这对于环境和健康问题显得尤为重要。本文综述了国内外常用于农田土壤重金属评价的传统指数模型和以指数模型为基础而延伸出来的一些评价方法,介绍了基于GIS技术、土壤重金属形态分析以及以农产品质量安全为基础的评价模型,分析了主要评价模型和方法的优缺点,提出了农田土壤重金属污染评价研究的方向。     

Seasonal variation of net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its influencing factors in an apple orchard in the Loess Plateau

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Loess Plateau is the largest apple cultivation region in the world. However, the role of rain-fed apple orchards as carbon sinks or sources,...     

Biological effects of citalopram in a suspended sediment-water system on Daphnia magna

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Suspended sediment (SPS) plays an important role in the aquatic ecosystems. Selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used...     

Bioconcentration,behavioral, and biochemical effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac in Daphnia magna

The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac is one of the most frequently studied as well as controversially discussed pharmaceutically active drug on the subject of its relevance to the environment. This study was conducted to assess the bioconcentration potential of diclofenac and its behavioral and biochemical effects in Daphnia magna. The bioconcentration factors of diclofenac determined after 48 h of aqueous exposure in Daphnia magna were 70.94 and 8.02 for the nominal exposure concentrations of 5 and 100 μg/L, respectively. Diclofenac exposure obviously decreased the filtration and ingestion rates of the daphnids. A significant increase of the acetylcholinesterase activity that was observed in this study indicates that diclofenac might not have neurobehavioral toxicity in Daphnia magna. Significant induction of malondialdehyde content is an indication of overproduction of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative damage in daphnids after diclofenac exposure. Moreover, significant inhibition of the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities implies that the antioxidant defense system of Daphnia magna was overwhelmed. Also, significant inhibition of glutathione s-transferase activity might point to the fact that the enzyme was not capable to detoxify diclofenac in Daphnia magna. These findings indicate that diclofenac can accumulate and consequently stimulate behavioral and biochemical disturbances in Daphnia magna.

     

Modeling CO2 exchange and meteorological factors of an apple orchard using partial least square regression

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The eddy covariance (EC) technique was used to measure variations of orchard-atmosphere CO2 exchange, as a function of meteorological variables in an...