Development of Lignin and Nanocellulose Enhanced Bio PU Foams for Automotive Parts

The green rigid polyurethane (PU) foam has been developed with 100 % soy polyol after optimization of formulation ingredients and lignin has been introduced and isocyanate content reduced in the green rigid PU foam. The cellulosic nanofibers have also been successfully incorporated and dispersed in green rigid PU foam to improve the rigidity. The influence of nano cellulose fiber modification (enzymatic treatment, hydrophobic modification with latex) on the foam density, open cell content, foam raise height, water vapor, and mechanical properties of rigid PU foam were studied. The foamed structures were examined using scanning electron microscopy to determine the cell size and shape due to the addition of cellulosic nanofibers. The odor test were performed to evaluate the odor concentration 100 % soyol based PU foam including lignin and nanofiber and compared to 100 % synthetic based polyol PU foam. The experimental results indicated that the compression and impact properties improved due to the modification of nano cellulosic fibers. The odor concentration level of nanofiber reinforced rigid PU foam reduced significantly compared to 100 % PU foam due to the replacing of isocyanate content. It can be said that with an appropriate combination of replacing isocyanate by lignin and addition of nanofiber, rigid PU foam properties could be improved.     

Biopolymer-based membranes from polysaccharides for CO2 separation: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The application of natural biopolymers such as polysaccharides for the fabrication of bio-based membranes has recently attracted attention for CO2...     

An improved biofilter to control the dissolved organic nitrogen concentration during drinking water treatment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is a key precursor of numerous disinfection by-products (DBPs), especially nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs) formed during...     

饮用水在线监测及预警研究

饮用水是人类生存的基本需求之一,其安全是影响人民生命健康和社会经济可持续发展的重要因素.在取水、制水、输配水和贮水各个环节对饮用水水质的卫生指标进行实时动态监测及预警,可有效预防因为自然灾害、人为事故、犯罪引起的用水安全事故的发生.文章概述了水质在线监测系统在从水源到用户的全流程的应用,并对饮用水在线监测与预警各种关键技术的应用予以简单的介绍.     

Detecting Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia by coagulation concentration and real-time PCR quantification

Rapid and sensitive pathogen detection methods are essential for the effective functioning of the water treatment industry, yet for many pathogens, effective detection and removal methods are still lacking. Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts are two of the most common waterborne pathogens currently infecting the water supply. In this study, a new method was developed for the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts. The method includes multi-steps as coagulation concentration of (oo)cysts in water, the dissolution of the resulting flocs into a small volume using acid, filtration of the (oo)cysts solution, and DNA extraction, purification, and examination using real-time PCR. The method was tested using spiked tap water and reservoir water as references, and the mean recovery ranged from 19.6% to 97.6% for oocysts, and from 51.4% to 98.7% for cysts. The method is economical and convenient, and is especially suitable for relatively high turbidity surface water.     

一株芽胞杆菌和一株黄杆菌代谢芘的摄取方式解析

通过溶剂萃取、薄层色谱和紫外分光光度法研究了一株芽胞杆菌CN2和一株黄杆菌CN4在初始pH=6.00的条件下对芘的降解过程.研究表明:芘降解液的pH值随降解时间向中性波动变化;用牛肉膏蛋白胨培养出的CN2菌体表面具有亲水性,CN4菌体表面具有疏水性,CN2表面疏水性在芘的降解过程中随时间有变大的趋势,CN4表面疏水性在芘的降解过程中随时间有变小的趋势;从芘降解的整个过程看,大部分时间CN2的降解比CN4的快,CN4菌体捕获的芘量比CN2要大,尤其在接种刚开始的一段时期较为明显;细胞表面、细胞壁中、细胞内部均有芘富集迹象,其中细胞表面富集的芘最多.根据试验结果推测,在菌株对芘的降解过程中吸附和降解同时发生;菌体对芘首先通过表面吸附或其它方式结合,随后溶人细胞壁中,跨过细胞膜进入细胞内被降解;这个传质过程很可能不是连续的,而是由细菌控制的主动的间歇的动态过程.     

Combined effects of DOM and biosurfactant enhanced biodegradation of polycylic armotic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil–water systems

This study systematically investigated the interactive effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and biosurfactant (rhamnolipid) on the biodegradation of phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR) in soil–water systems. The degradations of two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were fitted well with first order kinetic model and the degradation rates were in proportion to the concentration of biosurfactant. In addition, the degradation enhancement of PHE was higher than that of PYR. The addition of soil DOM itself at an environmental level would inhibit the biodegradation of PAHs. However, in the system with co-existence of DOM and biosurfactant, the degradation of PAHs was higher than that in only biosurfactant addition system, which may be attributed to the formation of DOM–biosurfactant complex micelles. Furthermore, under the combined conditions, the degradation of PAH increased with the biosurfactant concentration, and the soil DOM added system showed slightly higher degradation than the compost DOM added system, indicating that the chemical structure and composition of DOM would also affect the bioavailability of PAHs. The study result may broaden knowledge of biosurfactant enhanced bioremediation of PAHs contaminated soil and groundwater.     

地表水中隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫微球的混凝去除

以向地表水中投加的隐孢子虫微球和贾第鞭毛虫微球为对象,研究通过对给水混凝工艺对其的去除效果进行比较,着重考察了不同混凝剂种类、投加量及水样pH值对去除效果的影响.结果表明,混凝工艺可较为有效地去除地表水中的两虫微球,去除率最高可达4 lg.相比常规的金属盐类混凝剂,高分子的PAC、PAFC混凝剂对两虫微球的混凝去除率更...