Detection and identification of baculovirus pesticides by multitemperature single-strand conformational polymorphism

The method of single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) was modified in our laboratories for the characterization of baculoviruses, insect viruses with great potential for use as bioinsecticides in biological protection programs. A series of primers were synthesized after the comparison of the polyhedrin gene sequences of over 20 baculoviruses. Polyhedrin is a highly conserved protein which is responsible for the persistence of the virus in the environment. Universal primers were designed which could be used in polymerase chain reactions (PCR) containing genomic DNA from an array of nucleopolyhedrosis viruses (NPVs) including these which are used as biopesticides against important pests of forests and crops, such as Anticarsia gemmatalis, Spodoptera frugiperda, Lymantria dispar, Lymantria monacha and many others. PCR products were denatured and subjected to single-strand DNA electrophoresis at variable temperatures (MSSCP) where, after silver staining, they gave ssDNA band patterns characteristic for each baculovirus species. This technique can be potentially applied to detect baculoviruses in insects collected in the field, as well as to plant tissues and the excrements or bodies of predators without need for sequencing the PCR products. Sometimes MSSCP can be used not only for species determination but also as an indication of genomic variability which can be related to infectivity.     

采用序半连续反应器进行硝化和反硝化工艺的数学模拟

研究了生物废水处理应用于序半连续式反应器(SFBR)工艺中的微生物生长、硝化和反硝化动力学。基于活性污泥1号模型(ASMNo. 1)中的原理和结论,导出了在有氧阶段和缺氧阶段微生物生长速率、铵、硝酸盐、易生物降解基质等的反应速率及它们的物料平衡方程。在实验的基础上,对模型中的各参数采用了合适的方法进行参数估值,即:龙格库塔法解常微分方程组和黄金分割法搜索最小误差,该模型的最小误差ε≈4 799;得出了应用于本工艺中数学模型中的各动力学参数和化学计量系数,如KS 39. 997,KNO 0 .397,KNH 1 997,KOA 0 .404,KOH 0. 297, μA 0 .0026,μH 0. 207,YA 0 .24,YH. 0 6。     

微生物浓度对SFBR工艺去除营养物的影响

采用序半连续式反应器(SequentialFed-batchReactor,简称SFBR,下同。)就不同微生物初始浓度对人工配置废水营养物去除效率的影响进行了研究。探讨了微生物初始浓度对COD、氮化合物(NH4-N和NO3-N)除去和微生物生长的影响。结果表明,当微生物初始浓度为140.4g/L时,COD有最高除去率(69.5%)。当微生物初始浓度≥46.8g/L,总氮除去率可达100%。菌体初始浓度对废水中营养物的去除有利。过高浓度的微生物生长,受营养物和供氧的限制。用一组涉及多个微生物反应的动力学模型,分析了微生物初始浓度对同时去除碳、氮化合物效率和微生物生长的影响。     

基质初始浓度对SFBR工艺去除营养物的影响

采用序半连续反应器就新鲜废水中COD/N比对COD、氮化合物去除效率和微生物生长的影响进行了研究。结果表明,新鲜废水中的COD/N比对COD和总氮去除率有明显的影响。当COD/N比由2.5增至12.5时,COD去除率由44.0%增至75.8%,总氮去除率从63.4%增至99.8%,然而,加料废水中COD/N比对微生物生长没有明显的影响。用一组涉及多个微生物反应的动力学模型,分析了COD/N比对同时去除碳、氮化合物效率和微生物生长的影响。     

应用于序半连续式反应器工艺的硝化和反硝化动力学研究

研究了序半连续式反应器中微生物生长、硝化和反硝化动力学.基于活性污泥1号模型(ASM No.1)中的原理和结论,导出了在有氧阶段和缺氧阶段微生物生长速率,铵、硝酸盐、易生物降解基质等的反应速率及它们的物料平衡方程;对模型中的各参数进行了参数估值,即利用龙格-库塔法解常微分方程组和黄金分割法搜索最小误差;得出了数学模型中各动力学参数和化学计量系数;模型计算结果与试验值有较好的吻合.     

Tributyltin (TBT) induces oxidative stress and modifies lipid profile in the filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans

To investigate the response of the tributyltin-degrading fungal strain Cunninghamella elegans to the organotin, a comparative lipidomics strategy was employed using an LC/MS-MS technique. A total of 49 lipid species were identified. Individual phospholipids were then quantified using a multiple reaction monitoring method. Tributyltin (TBT) caused a decline in the amounts of many molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylserine and an increase in the levels of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. In the presence of TBT, it was observed that overall unsaturation was lower than in the control. Lipidome data were analyzed using principal component analysis, which confirmed the compositional changes in membrane lipids in response to TBT. Additionally, treatment of fungal biomass with butyltin led to a significant increase in lipid peroxidation. It is suggested that modification of the phospholipids profile and lipids peroxidation may reflect damage to mycelium caused by TBT.     

SFBR工艺顺序进行硝化和反硝化的动力学研究

采用序半连续式反应器（sequencing fed-batch reactor,简称SFBR）对人工合成废水顺序地进行硝化和反硝化动力学进行了研究.硝化和反硝化所用微生物为活性污泥.反应器在不同的操作条件进行操作,获得了用于确定动力学常数的数据;获得动力学参数um=0.05 h-1,KNO=2.0 mg/L,y=0.47 mg X/mg N,a=0.001 h^-1.类似地确定了反硝化动力学参数kD=0.01 h^-1和KD,NO=0.4 mg/L.在一定范围内硝化和反硝化速率随着氨浓度和硝酸盐浓度的增加而增加.实验数据表明,硝化和反硝化的动力学符合Monod动力学方程.     

SFBR工艺顺序进行硝化和反硝化的动力学研究

采用序半连续式反应器(sequencing fed-batch reactor,简称SFBR)对人工合成废水顺序地进行硝化和反硝化动力学进行了研究.硝化和反硝化所用微生物为活性污泥.反应器在不同的操作条件进行操作,获得了用于确定动力学常数的数据;获得动力学参数um=0.05 h-1,KNO=2.0 mg/L,y=0.47 mg X/mg N,a=0.001 h-1.类似地确定了反硝化动力学参数kD=0.01 h-1和KD,NO=0.4 mg/L.在一定范围内硝化和反硝化速率随着氨浓度和硝酸盐浓度的增加而增加.实验数据表明,硝化和反硝化的动力学符合Monod动力学方程.     

序半连续式反应器应用于生物废水处理中的氧传递模型及参数估值

根据ASM 1号模型中的原理和结论,推导出序半连续式反应器生物废水处理中的氧传递数学模型;在试验的基础上,对模型中的参数采用了合适的方法进行参数估值;在研究空气流量与氧的传递速率关系的基础上,得出了空气流量QA与氧传递系数KLa之间的线性关系式;研究了氧在反应器中的质量平衡.