浅淡监测数据的共享与社会效应

结合工作实际对如何有效利用监测数据进行了探讨 ,并引申出监测数据的 4种效应 ,即信息效应、价值效应、广告效应和政治效应。     

黄河三角洲人工草场群落土壤盐分动态集成预报模型及其应用

提出了以ＧＭ（１,１）模型拟合发展的趋势、傅里叶变换撮周期分量ＡＲ（ｐ）模型模拟随机过程的集成预报模型,并用于黄河三角洲人工草场群落土壤盐分的定量研究中,经理论和应用检验证明：该模型能以较高的精度模拟或预报土壤盐分在较长时期内的动态变化过程,方法简单,计算工作量小,并优于传统的单一预报模型。     

Phosphorus removal from wastewater by waste concrete: influence of P concentration and temperature on the product

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study investigated the feature of phosphorus uptake by low-cost waste concrete. Adsorption isotherms, metal dissolution, influence of P...     

半透膜覆盖好氧堆肥技术应用现状综述

膜覆盖好氧堆肥技术是近年来有机质好氧处理方式的研究热点,该技术主要由膜覆盖系统、微压送风系统和控制系统组成.膜盖层是由两层高品质抗紫外线布层和一层聚四氟乙烯半透膜组成的3层材料,具有耐水透气的优点,既能阻隔外界环境使堆体不受雨雪天气影响,又能减少臭气的挥发,使堆体达到封闭发酵的环境条件.本文介绍了膜覆盖好氧堆肥技术的特点及优缺点,阐述了国内外膜覆盖好氧堆肥技术的研究进展和应用现状,分析了我国在膜覆盖好氧堆肥技术领域研究的不足之处,并指出未来应加深对堆肥全过程的工艺过程控制研究,拓展膜覆盖的应用范围,用于畜禽粪便、餐厨垃圾等其它有机垃圾处理领域.     

优化混凝工艺及操作规范的研究与进展

水质的急剧恶化、科学技术的迅速发展与日趋严格的水质标准,对传统混凝工艺提出了严峻的挑战,同时也赋予其新的发展机遇.基于水源微污染现状和消毒副产物控制及安全供水的目标,针对性地提出优化混凝工艺及其操作规范成为目前推动水工业发展的重点所在.本文从评估体系、混凝剂优化、混凝过程优化、絮体结构形成优化以及系统优化控制等角度对优化混凝技术加以综合介绍,并进一步对若干主要研究进展与发展方向加以评述,以推动优化混凝工艺及操作规范的建立与发展.     

中国生态环境质量现状及2016—2023年动态变化分析

以国家生态环境监测网数据为基础,分析2023年中国生态环境质量状况及2016年以来的变化特征。结果表明:2023年中国生态环境质量保持优良水平,其中,环境空气优良天数比例为85.5%,优良水质断面比例为89.4%,功能区声环境昼间和夜间达标率分别为96.1%和87.0%,生态质量指数为59.6;2016—2023年生态环境质量持续改善,其中,环境空气优良天数比例上升2.4个百分点,优良水质断面比例上升21.6个百分点,功能区声环境昼间和夜间达标率分别上升3.9个、13.0个百分点。但各生态环境要素质量在部分区域、特定时段不容乐观,京津冀及周边地区、汾渭平原空气质量总体水平仍低于全国平均水平,颗粒物和臭氧浓度偏高;个别流域仍为轻度污染,优良水质断面比例远低于全国水平,某些流域仍存在劣Ⅴ类水质断面,化学需氧量、总磷和高锰酸盐指数是地表水中的主要超标指标;声环境1类和4a类功能区夜间达标率仍相对较低;新疆中北部和甘肃西部地区仍有部分县域生态质量为四类或五类,生态脆弱的情况尚未得到根本改善。随着生态环境污染治理进入攻坚期,控制污染增量的边际成本增加,生态环境质量进一步改善的难度越来越大。     

Microbial community structures in an integrated two-phase anaerobic bioreactor fed by fruit vegetable wastes and wheat straw

The microbial community structures in an integrated two-phase anaerobic reactor（ITPAR）were investigated by 16 S r DNA clone library technology. The 75 L reactor was designed with a 25 L rotating acidogenic unit at the top and a 50 L conventional upflow methanogenic unit at the bottom, with a recirculation connected to the two units. The reactor had been operated for 21 stages to co-digest fruit/vegetable wastes and wheat straw, which showed a very good biogas production and decomposition of cellulosic materials. The results showed that many kinds of cellulose and glycan decomposition bacteria related with Bacteroidales,Clostridiales and Syntrophobacterales were dominated in the reactor, with more bacteria community diversities in the acidogenic unit. The methanogens were mostly related with Methanosaeta, Methanosarcina, Methanoculleus, Methanospirillum and Methanobacterium; the predominating genus Methanosaeta, accounting for 40.5%, 54.2%, 73.6% and 78.7% in four samples from top to bottom, indicated a major methanogenesis pathway by acetoclastic methanogenesis in the methanogenic unit. The beta diversity indexes illustrated a more similar distribution of bacterial communities than that of methanogens between acidogenic unit and methanogenic unit. The differentiation of methanogenic community composition in two phases, as well as pH values and volatile fatty acid（VFA） concentrations confirmed the phase separation of the ITPAR. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that the special designing of ITPAR maintained a sufficient number of methanogens, more diverse communities and stronger syntrophic associations among microorganisms, which made two phase anaerobic digestion of cellulosic materials more efficient.     

活性污泥法处理工业废水有关指标的控制

独山子炼油厂的工业废水处理采用活性污泥法，处理工艺是鼓风曝气。本文就有关操作情况以及活性污泥法的指标要求进行了论述，结论是只有控制好指标才能取得良好的处理效果。     

pH modeling for maximum dissolved organic matter removal by enhanced coagulation

Correlations between raw water characteristics and pH after enhanced coagulation to maximize dissolved organic matter (DOM) removal using four typical coagulants (FeCl₃, Al₂(SO₄)₃, polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and high performance polyaluminum chloride (HPAC)) without pH control were investigated. These correlations were analyzed on the basis of the raw water quality and the chemical and physical fractionations of DOM of thirteen Chinese source waters over three seasons. It was found that the final pH after enhanced coagulation for each of the four coagulants was influenced by the content of removable DOM (i.e. hydrophobic and higher apparent molecular weight (AMW) DOM), the alkalinity and the initial pH of raw water. A set of feed-forward semi-empirical models relating the final pH after enhanced coagulation for each of the four coagulants with the raw water characteristics were developed and optimized based on correlation analysis. The established models were preliminarily validated for prediction purposes, and it was found that the deviation between the predicted data and actual data was low. This result demonstrated the potential for the application of these models in practical operation of drinking water treatment plants.     

Fe_3O_4-xTiO_2复合光催化剂的制备及其对染料废水的处理效果

采用共沉淀法制备了复合光催化剂Fe_3O_4-xTiO_2。运用XRD、SEM、TEM和UV-Vis DRS等技术对光催化剂进行了表征,并考察了其在太阳光下对茜素红模拟染料废水的光催化降解活性。实验结果表明,当TiO_2与Fe_3O_4的质量比为0.75、初始溶液p H为3.0时,茜素红去除率最高,光催化反应120 min后,茜素红去除率为100%。表征结果显示,Fe_3O_4-0.75TiO_2复合光催化剂不是核壳结构,而是Fe_3O_4和TiO_2的聚集体。Fe_3O_4-0.75TiO_2复合光催化剂重复使用5次后茜素红去除率几乎没有下降,活性稳定性极佳。