Personal exposure to PM2.5-bound heavy metals associated with cardiopulmonary function in general population

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To better understand the cardiopulmonary alterations associated with personal exposed PM2.5-bound heavy meals, we conducted a cross-sectional study in...     

氯化汞对小鼠睾丸生殖细胞的DNA损伤作用

探索氯化汞对雄性小鼠生殖细胞毒性的分子遗传机制。分别以 0 .0 1、0 .10、1.0 0 mmol/L的氯化汞体外处理小鼠睾丸细胞和以 0 .5、1.0、5 .0 μmol/kg的氯化汞体内暴露小鼠 ,应用单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测生殖细胞 DNA的损伤。体外处理 3种剂量组小鼠睾丸生殖细胞 DNA损伤率显著高于阴性对照组 ( 0 mmol/L组 ,P<0 .0 0 1) ;0 .1、1.0 mmol/L剂量组慧星细胞迁移率显著高于阴性对照组 ( P<0 .0 0 1,P<0 .0 5 )。体内暴露 3种浓度氯化汞组小鼠睾丸生殖细胞 DNA损伤率显著高于阴性对照组 ( 0μmol/kg,P<0 .0 0 1) ,5 .0 μmol/kg组慧星迁移率显著高于阴性对照组 ( P<0 .0 5 )。一定剂量的氯化汞处理引起生殖细胞 DNA损伤作用可能是氯化汞细胞毒性的机制之一。     

努鲁儿虎贫困山区生态环境综合治理方略探讨

努鲁儿虎贫困山区虽经多年治理,生态环境仍恶化,严重地制约当地经济的发展。为改善生态环境,必须正视本区缺粮食、缺资本、缺人才的区情,绿化工程建设必须紧紧围绕解决当地人民脱贫致富这一中心才有生命力,才有持久的后劲;必须营造适合当地具有生态经济效益的树(草)种;必须坚持谁种谁有,谁经营谁得利的政策;必须改变以往造林中“输血”型投资,为“造血”型投资等一系列方略。     

Genetic diversity and population structure of the invasive plant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum rostratum</Emphasis> in China

The level of genetic diversity of 13 Chinese populations of S. rostratum was investigated using nine microsatellite loci. The genetic diversity of the Weisanlu population in Hebei province was the highest and the Hohhot population was the lowest. The genetic differentiation among the populations was highly significant (P < 0.001). A total of 68.54% of the total genetic variation of population was within populations, and the genetic variation between populations accounted for 31.46%. The long-distance dispersal of its seeds by human transport mainly resulted in the rapid dispersal of S. rostratum in China.     

生活垃圾加载介质层填埋法对初期渗滤液污染抑制效果研究

以传统卫生填埋柱R2为对照,通过往生物反应器填埋柱R1内加载可渗透反应介质层1和2进行模拟试验,主要探讨了填埋柱R1垃圾渗滤液COD、总氮、氨氮及总磷的变化趋势,探索一种新型的加载介质层垃圾填埋处理方法。试验结果表明,填埋20周后, R1柱COD浓度基本维持在40 000～45 000 mg/L间,约为R2柱的20%～30%;第24周,R1柱总氮和氨氮分别为206.5 mg/L和167.3 mg/L,在16～24周内,R1总氮和氨氮分别约为R2的14.5%～17.5%和36.2%～43.6%;18周时,R1柱总磷达最大值1.704 mg/L,至第24周降为0.673 mg/L, 整个实验过程R1柱总磷约为R2的0.15%～0.56%。     

流化床造粒法回收猪场废水中氮磷:鸟粪石颗粒的形貌与组成

针对现有流化床鸟粪石造粒法回收废水中氮磷时缺乏有效的方法定量描述颗粒的形貌及对应的组分含量,综合图像法、FTIR、XRD、元素组成分析和物料衡算等方法,分析了分段式流化床不同区域的颗粒形貌及对应的组分情况。研究结果表明,流化床不同区域内上升流速分别为15.0、30.6和60.0 mm/s,对应鸟粪石颗粒平均粒度分别为703、963和1 747 μm,相应的颗粒形貌为絮团、团聚式颗粒和包层式颗粒。颗粒的主要成分为鸟粪石(MgNH4PO4·6H2O,MAP)、钾型鸟粪石(MgKPO4·6H2O,MKP)、无定型磷酸钙(Ca3(PO4)2·xH2O,ACP)其中MAP含量均大于92%,ACP 1.26%~1.75%,MKP含量为3.75%~3.91%,有机物含量低于0.4%。回收的颗粒中Cr、As、Cd和Pb等重金属含量低于现行的化肥重金属控制标准(GB/T 23349-2009)限值,有效降低了重金属污染的风险,提高了回收颗粒的品质。     

Assessing water quality of drinking water distribution system in the South Taiwan

This investigation conducted a full-scale survey the drinking water distribution system in Kaohsiung city, Taiwan. The aim was to investigate whether the distribution system was capable of maintaining high water quality from the water treatment facilities through to the end user. The results showed that the distribution system can maintain high water quality, except for suitable chlorine residuals. The authors plotted chlorine residual contour maps to identify areas with low chlorine residuals, helping them prioritize sections that must be flushed or renewal. The contour maps also provide sufficient and clear information for locating booster chlorination stations. Contour maps enable water facilities to identify how water quality decays in the distribution systems and the locations of such decay. Water quality decay can be caused by properties of pipeline materials, hydraulic conditions, and/or biofilm thickness. However, understanding the exact reasons is unnecessary because the contour maps provide sufficient information for trouble-shooting the distribution systems.     

利用水泥处理垃圾渗滤液生物处理出水的研究

利用水泥的表面吸附和水化反应性质处理垃圾渗滤液生物处理出水可以取得很好的效果,COD的去除率可达69.5%.处理效果与水灰比、反应时间密切相关,低水灰比和较长反应时间对COD的去除更为有利.对处理前后水样的COD和TOC分析表明,水泥对非TOC贡献的COD有很强的去除效果.     

生活垃圾填埋场封场后种植植物中重金属迁移研究

在上海老港生活垃圾填埋场填埋单元封场的覆盖土中掺混了矿化垃圾种植植物,分析Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn 4种重金属在土壤和植物中的迁移变化,研究表明:(1)覆盖土土质从一般耕作土变成肥沃土壤;覆盖土和种植混合土重金属Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn中Cd、Pb含量相近,但种植土的Cu含量略大于覆盖原土,Zn含量远大于覆盖原土;(2)植物能富集土壤和垃圾中的重金属,木本植物的根部富集重金属的能力强于草本植物,但重金属在草本植物根、茎、叶中的迁移速度大于木本植物;(3)植物根、茎、叶的Cu、Zn含量均远大于未受污染土壤种植植物相应部位的Cu、Zn含量,种植的植物不能供家养动物食用,以免通过食物链作用危及人体安全.