氯氰菊酯高效降解菌GF31的生长特性及其对污染土壤的修复能力

利用高效降解菌对受污土壤进行生物强化修复是提高修复效果的可行途径之一,其中降解菌的竞争力与适应性是决定强化修复过程成败的关键因素.以实验室保藏的1株氯氰菊酯高效降解菌--铜绿假单胞菌CF31为对象,开展菌株生长特性及其对污染土壤修复的实验研究.结果表明,菌株GF31生物活性高,环境适应力强,在温度15～35℃,pH值5...     

关于城市水“分流”的设想

淡水是人类赖以生存的资源,淡水的短缺已成为制约经济发展的重要因素之一,并危及人类的生存。解决淡水危机,加强淡水资源利用和管理已刻不容缓。对城市进行分流供水,对产生的废水进行分流回收处理,是实现淡水资源的持续利用,满足城市用水需要的新思路     

Profiling the ionome of rice and its use in discriminating geographical origins at the regional scale, China

Element profile was investigated for their use to trace the geographical origin of rice (Oryza sativa L.) samples. The concentrations of 13 elements (calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), boron (B), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and cadmium (Cd)) were determined in the rice samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission and mass spectrometry. Most of the essential elements for human health in rice were within normal ranges except for Mo and Se. Mo concentrations were twice as high as those in rice from Vietnam and Spain. Meanwhile, Se concentrations were three times lower in the whole province compared to the Chinese average level of 0.088 mg/kg. About 12% of the rice samples failed the Chinese national food safety standard of 0.2 mg/kg for Cd. Combined with the multi-elemental profile in rice, the principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant function analysis (DFA) and Fibonacci index analysis (FIA) were applied to discriminate geographical origins of the samples. Results indicated that the FIA method could achieve a more effective geographical origin classification compared with PCA and DFA, due to its efficiency in making the grouping even when the elemental variability was so high that PCA and DFA showed little discriminatory power. Furthermore, some elements were identified as the most powerful indicators of geographical origin: Ca, Ni, Fe and Cd. This suggests that the newly established methodology of FIA based on the ionome profile can be applied to determine the geographical origin of rice.     

红壤对铬(VI)吸附特性的研究

通过云南三类红壤对Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）吸附行为的研究。结果表明，红壤对Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）有明显的吸附作用，等温吸附曲线可以用Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ方程、Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ方程和Ｔｅｍｋｉｎ方程描述。最大吸附量为红壤＞赤红壤＞砖红壤。酸度、温度和有机质对红壤吸附Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）均有影响。低ｐＨ值时吸附量随ｐＨ值升高略有增加，ｐＨ值超过某一限度，吸附量急剧下降，直至基本不吸附；温度低于４０℃时，吸附量随温度升高而减少，但温度高于４０℃时，吸附量不再减少；随有机质加入量的增加，吸附量减少，其相关性红壤和赤红壤达显著水准，砖红壤达极显著水准。     

福建省稻米中的砷水平及其健康风险研究

为更好了解区域水平上水稻(OryzasativaL.)砷所引起的健康风险,在福建省9个地区采集了206份水稻样品并对其总砷和无机砷含量进行了分析,然后在此基础上建立风险评价模型并对其健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,福建省水稻精米中总砷平均含量为(0.105±0.091)mg·kg-1,无机砷平均含量为(0.045±0.019)mg·kg-1。全省所有样品中无机砷含量符合中国国家标准规定的限量标准(MCL)0.15mg·kg-1。通过膳食调查的数据和水稻无机砷含量对每天通过稻米消费无机砷摄入量进行了计算,全省平均每天无机砷摄入量为13.50μg,并且9个地区每天无机砷摄入量均超过了美国国家研究委员会所规定的最大限量标准10μg·d-1。根据无机砷摄入量和癌症斜率因子所构建的癌症风险模型结果表明,福建省稻米无机砷所引起的癌症风险为每100000有37.5人,虽然低于中国的平均水平(每100000有61人),但是超过了美国国家环境保护局所规定的可以接受的癌症风险的上限(每100000人有10人)。因此,需要进一步通过流行病学方面的调查来确定福建省稻米无机砷摄入和健康风险之间的关系。     

Differing effects of inorganic and organic arsenic on uptake and distribution of multi-elements in Rice grain

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Arsenic (As) pollution can lead to an element imbalance in rice. A hydroponic study was carried out to examine the influence of inorganic (arsenate)...     

外加营养源对氯氰菊酯降解菌GF31降解特性的影响

利用本实验室保存的一株铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)GF31,考察了外加不同的碳、氮源对菌株降解氯氰菊酯特性的影响.实验结果表明:适量浓度的碳、氮源对降解有明显的刺激作用,外加碳源中葡萄糖的刺激作用最为明显,外加0.8 g/L的葡萄糖,氯氰菊酯降解率提高了13.7%;外加氮源中以蛋白胨对微生物的促进作用最突出,当外加5.0 g/L蛋白胨时,氯氰菊酯降解率从27.5%提高到70.0%;降解5 d后,氯氰菊酯的降解已基本趋于平衡.