Effect of culturing temperatures on cadmium phytotoxicity alleviation by biochar

Biochar produced from rice straw at 400 °C (RS400) was prepared to determine its alleviating effect on Cd phytotoxicity to wheat seedlings under different cultivation temperatures and pH. A hydroponic system (pH 4.3) and a loam soil slurry system were designed to respectively simulate acidic and neutral soil condition, and cultivation at increasing temperatures (20, 25, and 30 °C) were performed to evaluate the greenhouse effect. The root and shoot elongation and the Cd concentration in root and solution were measured; furthermore, batch experiments for Cd adsorption were undertaken. An increasing inhibition of the root by Cd addition was observed at increasing temperatures. The inhibition rate was 50.50 and 20.80% in hydroponic system and slurry system at 25 °C, respectively; however, the corresponding inhibition rates of root were significantly decreased to 25.5 and 3.5% with addition of RS400. This is mainly attributed to the reduction of Cd migration into the roots by RS400, which decreased Cd bioavailability. The mechanism behind the reduced Cd bioavailability is attributed to the Cd adsorption and the strong buffering capacity of acidity by RS400. Therefore, biochar could be a potential amendment for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil even at increasing culturing temperatures.

     

酸碱改性生物质炭-纳米零价铁增强六价铬去除的机理

通过氢氟酸和氢氧化钠改性水稻秸秆生物质炭(BC),得到改性材料BC-HF和BC-NaOH,在此基础上负载纳米零价铁(Nanoscale zero-valent iron,nZVI)制得生物质炭负载纳米零价铁(nZVI@BC)、氢氟酸改性生物质炭负载纳米零价铁(nZVI@BC-HF)和氢氧化钠改性生物质炭负载纳米零价铁(...     

Characterization of contaminants and evaluation of the suitability for land application of maize and sludge biochars

Prior to the application of biochar as an agricultural improver, attention should be paid to the potential introduction of toxicants and resulting unintended impacts on the environment. In the present study, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals, and mineral elements were determined in maize and sludge biochars produced at 100 °C increments between 200 and 700 °C. The concentration ranges of total PAHs were 358–5,136 μg kg^?1 in maize biochars and 179–70,385 μg kg^?1 in sludge biochars. The total heavy metals were detected at the following concentrations (mg kg^?1): Cu, 20.4–56.7; Zn, 59.7–133; Pb, 1.44–3.50; Cd, <0.014; Cr, 8.08–21.4; Ni, 4.38–9.82 in maize biochars and Cu, 149–202; Zn, 735–986; Pb, 54.7–74.2; Cd, 1.06–1.38; Cr, 180–247; Ni, 41.1–56.1 in sludge biochars. The total concentrations of PAHs and heavy metals in all maize biochars and most sludge biochars were below the control standards of sludge for agricultural use in China, the USA, and Europe. The leachable Mn concentrations in sludge biochars produced at below 500 °C exceeded the groundwater or drinking water standards of these countries. Overall, all the maize biochars were acceptable for land application, but sludge biochars generated at temperatures between 200 and 500 °C were unsuitable for application as soil amendments due to their potential adverse effects on soil and groundwater quality.     

Isolation, identification and characterization of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BZ-6, a bacterial isolate for enhancing oil recovery from oily sludge

Over 100 biosurfactant-producing microorganisms were isolated from oily sludge and petroleum-contaminated soil from Shengli oil field in north China. Sixteen of the bacterial isolates produced biosurfactants and reduced the surface tension of the growth medium from 71 to <30 mN m⁻¹ after 72 h of growth. These bacteria were used to treat oily sludge and the recovery efficiencies of oil from oily sludge were determined. The oil recovery efficiencies of different isolates ranged from 39% to 88%. Bacterial isolate BZ-6 was found to be the most efficient strain and the three phases (oil, water and sediment) were separated automatically after the sludge was treated with the culture medium of BZ-6. Based on morphological, physiological characteristics and molecular identification, isolate BZ-6 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The biosurfactant produced by isolate BZ-6 was purified and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. There were four ion peaks representing four different fengycin A homologues.     

球磨零价镁/石墨(ZVMg/C)降解水中三氯乙烯

利用机械球磨法制备了零价镁/石墨(ZVMg/C)材料,并将其用于水溶液中三氯乙烯(TCE)的降解.研究通过SEM、BET和XRD等分析手段解析了ZVMg/C的表面形态结构和成分组成;采用正交实验方法优化了ZVMg/C的制备参数,比较了石墨含量对材料性能的影响;并考察了ZVMg/C投加量、溶液初始pH和地下水中常见阴(C...     

Degradation of benzene derivatives in the CuMgFe-LDO/persulfate system: The role of the interaction between the catalyst and target pollutants

A novel insight on the role of interactions between target pollutants and the catalyst in the copper-containing layered double oxide(LDO)-catalyzed persulfate(PS) system was elucidated in the present study.4-Chlorophenol(4-CP),as a representative benzene derivative with a hydroxyl group,was completely removed within 5 min,which was much faster than the reaction of monochlorobenzene(MCB) without a hydroxyl group,with the degradation efficiency of 31.7% in 240 min.Through the use of radical quenching and surface inhibition experiments,it could be concluded that the interaction between 4-CP and CuMgFe-LDO,rather than free radicals,played a key role in the decomposition of 4-CP,while only the free radicals participated in the MCB degradation process.According to electron paramagnetic resonance and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy data,the formation of a Cu(II)-complex between phenolic hydroxyl groups and surface Cu(II) was primarily responsible for the degradation of phenolic compounds,in which PS accepted one electron from the complex and generated sulfate radicals and chelated radical cations.The chelated radical cations transferred one electron to Cu(Ⅱ) followed by Cu(I) generation and pollutant degradation successively.