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Diesel engines are being increasingly adopted by many car manufacturers today, yet no exact mathematical diesel engine model exists due to its highly nonlinear nature. In the current literature, black-box identification has been widely used for diesel engine modelling and many artificial neural network (ANN) based models have been developed. However, ANN has many drawbacks such as multiple local minima, user burden on selection of optimal network structure, large training data size, and over-fitting risk. To overcome these drawbacks, this article proposes to apply an emerging machine learning technique, relevance vector machine (RVM), to model and predict the diesel engine performance. The property of global optimal solution of RVM allows the model to be trained using only a few experimental data sets. In this study, the inputs of the model are engine speed, load, and cooling water temperature, while the output parameters are the brake-specific fuel consumption and the amount of exhaust emissions like nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide. Experimental results show that the model accuracy is satisfactory even the training data is scarce. Moreover, the model accuracy is compared with that using typical ANN. Evaluation results also show that RVM is superior to typical ANN approach. 相似文献
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Pargol Ghavam Mostafavi Seyed Mohammad Reza Fatemi Mohammad Hassan Shahhosseiny Ove Hoegh-Guldberg William Kok Weng Loh 《Marine Biology》2007,153(1):25-34
Scleractinian coral species harbour communities of photosynthetic taxa of the genus Symbiodinium. As many as eight genetic clades (A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H) of Symbiodinium have been discovered using molecular biology. These clades may differ from each other in their physiology, and thus influence
the ecological distribution and resilience of their host corals to environmental stresses. Corals of the Persian Gulf are
normally subject to extreme environmental conditions including high salinity and seasonal variation in temperature. This study
is the first to use molecular techniques to identify the Symbiodinium of the Iranian coral reefs to the level of phylogenetic clades. Samples of eight coral species were collected at two different
depths from the eastern part of Kish Island in the northern Persian Gulf, and Larak Island in the Strait of Hormuz. Partial
28S nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA of Symbiodinium (D1/D2 domains) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products were analyzed using single stranded conformational
polymorphism and phylogenetic analyses of the LSU DNA sequences from a subset of the samples. The results showed that Symbiodinium populations were generally uniform among and within the populations of eight coral species studied, and there are at least
two clades of Symbiodinium from Kish and Larak islands. Clade D was detected from eight of the coral species while clade C was found in two of species
only (one species hosted two clades simultaneously). The dominance of clade D might be explained by high temperatures or the
extreme temperature variation, typical of the Persian Gulf.
Publication of this article was held up owing to technical problems. The publisher apologizes sincerely for this lengthy delay. 相似文献
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The aim of this article was to study the effects of land use change and water reuse options on an urban water cycle. A water cycle
analysis was performed on the Goonja drainage basin, located in metropolitan Seoul, using the Aquacycle model. The chronological
e ects of urbanization were first assessed for the land uses of the Goonja drainage basin from 1975 to 2005, where the ratio of
impervious areas ranged from 43% to 84%. Progressive urbanization was identified as leading to a decrease in evapotranspiration
(29%), an increase in surface runo (41%) and a decrease in groundwater recharge (74%), indicating a serious distortion of the water
cycle. From a subsequent analysis of the water reuse options, such as rainwater use and wastewater reuse, it is concluded that wastewater
reuse seemed to have an advantage over rainwater use for providing a consistent water supply throughout the year for a country like
Korea, where the rainy season is concentrated during the summer monsoon. 相似文献
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Gharahi Nasrin Zamani-Ahmadmahmoodi Rasool 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(39):59118-59126
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Since the year 2020, the use of plastic as a strategy to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 disease has been given substantial attention. Global... 相似文献
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Ryu Seungmin Won Seung Hyun Moon Sungsam Song Kihoon Pak Daewon 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(5):1791-1800
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are the third largest source of global methane emissions as biogas (11%). In developing countries, MSW... 相似文献
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Kin-Che Lam Weichun Ma Pak Kin Chan Wing Chi Hui King Lam Chung Yi-tak Teresa Chung Chun Yin Wong Hui Lin 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(12):9683-9695
This paper reports on a study which explored the possible relationship between road traffic noisescape and urban form in Hong Kong. A total of 212 residential complexes from 11 contrasting urban forms were sampled, and their noise levels assessed both at dwelling and neighbourhood scales by noise mapping. Its findings indicate that residential complexes with different urban forms have significantly different noisescape attributes. There is a strong correlation between the noise characteristics and morphological indicators at the dwelling scale. A less obstreperous noisescape is associated with urban forms with lower road and building densities, and with building arrangements which provide self-noise screening. These findings suggest that urban form is an influential determinant of the noisescape in the urban environment, and they point to the need to rethink the conventional approach to managing the urban acoustic environment. 相似文献
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N. Pourang M. Lamehi Rachti H. R. Moazami P. Ghavam Mostafavi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(7):431
The potential use of different hard and soft parts (otolith, scale, eye lens, dorsal spine, vertebral bone, muscle, and liver) of Rutilus kutum for biomonitoring of 13 major and trace elements (Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn) was evaluated, for the first time. The specimens were sampled from three sampling sites in the Southern Caspian Sea in May 2016. Twenty specimens were collected from each site. The elements’ concentrations in the samples were measured by proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). In all the hard tissues, except for eye lens, Ca was the most abundant element, whereas Fe was among the least abundant elements. The orders of element occurrence in the two soft tissues were largely similar. Ca, Fe, S, Cl, and K could be detected in all the selected tissues, while Br was detectable only in otolith. Minor similarities among the tissues were identified in the case of eye lens (concerning P, S, and Zn) and liver (in terms of Cl, Fe, and K), whereas, in the case of Sr and Ca, otolith shows the maximum distance. In general, it can be concluded that all the studied hard parts, except for eye lens, may offer alternatives for biomonitoring of Ca, Cl, Fe, K, and S in the southern Caspian Sea. The scales and spines represent a potential non-lethal alternative to the other hard parts. 相似文献