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排序方式: 共有92条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Olimpia Pepe Valeria Ventorino Giuseppe Blaiotta 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(7):1616-1625
Although several reports are available concerning the composition and dynamics of the microflora during the composting of municipal solid wastes, little is known about the microbial diversity during the composting of agro-industrial refuse. For this reason, the first parts of this study included the quantification of microbial generic groups and of the main functional groups of C and N cycle during composting of agro-industrial refuse. After a generalized decrease observed during the initial phases, a new bacterial growth was observed in the final phase of the process. Ammonifiers and (N2)-fixing aerobic groups predominated outside of the piles whereas, nitrate-reducing group increased inside the piles during the first 23 days of composting. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), showed an opposite trend of growth since ammonia oxidation decreased with the increase of the nitrite oxidation activity. Pectinolytics, amylolytics and aerobic cellulolytic were present in greater quantities and showed an upward trend in both the internal and external part of the heaps.Several free-living (N2)-fixing bacteria were molecularly identify as belonging especially to uncommon genera of nitrogen-fixing bacteria as Stenotrophomonas, Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Alcaligenes, Achromobacter and Caulobacter. They were investigated for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen to employ as improvers of quality of compost. Some strains of Azotobacter chrococcum and Azotobacter salinestris were also tested. When different diazotrophic bacterial species were added in compost, the increase of total N ranged from 16% to 27% depending on the selected microbial strain being used. Such microorganisms may be used alone or in mixtures to provide an allocation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in soil. 相似文献
2.
Manuela C Francesco T Tiziana C Assunta C Lara S Nadia N Giorgia A Barbara S Maria F Carlotta C Valeria DG Pia SM Gianfranco T Angela S 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(6):1542-1550
To evaluate exposure to benzene in urban and rural areas, an investigation into personal exposure to benzene in traffic policemen, police drivers and rural (roadmen) male outdoor workers was carried out. Personal samples and data acquired using fixed monitoring stations located in different areas of the city were used to measure personal exposure to benzene in 62 non-smoker traffic policemen, 22 police drivers and 57 roadmen. Blood benzene, urinary trans-trans muconic acid (t,t-MA) and S-phenyl-mercapturic acid (S-PMA) were measured at the end of work shift in 62 non-smoker traffic policemen, 22 police drivers and 57 roadmen and 34 smoker traffic policemen, 21 police drivers and 53 roadmen. Exposure to benzene was similar among non-smoker traffic policemen and police drivers and higher among non-smoker urban workers compared to rural workers. Blood benzene, t,t-MA and S-PMA were similar among non-smoker traffic policemen and police drivers; blood benzene and t,t-MA were significantly higher in non-smoker urban workers compared to rural workers. Significant increases in t,t-MA were found in smokers vs. non-smokers. In non-smoker urban workers airborne benzene and blood benzene, and t,t-MA and S-PMA were significantly correlated. This study gives an evaluation of the exposure to benzene in an urban area, comparing people working in the street or in cars, to people working in a rural area. Benzene is a certain carcinogen for humans. The results we showed should lead to more in-depth studies about the effects on health of these categories of workers. 相似文献
3.
Flavia De Nicola Fabio Murena M. Antonietta Costagliola Anna Alfani Daniela Baldantoni M. Vittoria Prati Ludovica Sessa Valeria Spagnuolo Simonetta Giordano 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(7):4969-4979
For the first time until now, the results from a prediction model (Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System (ADMS)-Road) of pollutant dispersion in a street canyon were compared to the results obtained from biomonitors. In particular, the instrumental monitoring of particulate matter (PM10) and the biomonitoring of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 11 metals by Quercus ilex leaves and Hypnum cupressiforme moss bags, acting as long- and short-term accumulators, respectively, were carried out. For both PAHs and metals, similar bioaccumulation trends were observed, with higher concentrations in biomonitors exposed at the leeward canyon side, affected by primary air vortex. The major pollutant accumulation at the leeward side was also predicted by the ADMS-Road model, on the basis of the prevailing wind direction that determines different exposure of the street canyon sides to pollutants emitted by vehicular traffic. A clear vertical (3, 6 and 9 m) distribution gradient of pollutants was not observed, so that both the model and biomonitoring results suggested that local air turbulences in the street canyon could contribute to uniform pollutant distribution at different heights. 相似文献
4.
Narizzano R Risso F Innocenti R Mollica V Tortarolo B 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2008,10(8):993-997
Uncertainty associated to analytical results is an issue of major interest for the whole analytical community. A large effort has been made to improve analytical techniques and procedures aimed to achieve a well characterized uncertainty associated with analysis. However, it is becoming increasingly recognised that uncertainty deriving from sampling and subsampling can even dominate the global uncertainty budget. A study on subsampling activities on different soil typologies has been performed by granulometry determinations. The differences between sieving methodologies based on both wet and dry mode have been studied. Subsampling is approached by replicated measurements providing a quantitative assessment of the distribution heterogeneity, a suitable method validation scheme and an empirical determination of uncertainty. 相似文献
5.
Siotto M Sezenna E Saponaro S Innocenti FD Tosin M Bonomo L Mezzanotte V 《Journal of environmental management》2012,93(1):31-37
In modern intensive agriculture, plastics are used in several applications (i.e. mulch films, drip irrigation tubes, string, clips, pots, etc.). Interest towards applying biodegradable plastics to replace the conventional plastics is promising. Ten monomers, which can be applied in the synthesis of potentially biodegradable polyesters, were tested according to ASTM 5988-96 (standard respirometric test to evaluate aerobic biodegradation in soil by measuring the carbon dioxide evolution): adipic acid, azelaic acid, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-ethanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, lactic acid, glucose, sebacic acid, succinic acid and terephthalic acid. Eight replicates were carried out for each monomer for 27-45 days. The numerical code AQUASIM was applied to process the CO? experimental data in order to estimate values for the parameters describing the different mechanisms occurring to the monomers in soil: i) the first order solubilization kinetic constant, K(sol) (d?1); ii) the first order biodegradation kinetic constant, K(b) (d?1); iii) the lag time in biodegradation, t(lag) (d); and iv) the carbon fraction biodegraded but not transformed into CO?, Y (-). The following range of values were obtained: [0.006 d?1, 6.9 d?1] for K(sol), [0.1 d?1, 1.2 d?1] for K(b), and [0.32-0.58] for Y; t(lag) was observed for azelaic acid, 1,2-ethanediol, and terephthalic acid, with estimated values between 3.0 e 4.9 d. 相似文献
6.
Paolo Cocci Luca Bracchetti Valeria Angelini Matteo Bucchia Sauro Pari Gilberto Mosconi Francesco Alessandro Palermo 《Marine Biology》2014,161(1):165-171
Plasma testosterone levels were evaluated, by validating and using a commercially available testosterone enzyme immunoassay (EIA) as an indicator of the sex of immature loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) recovered along the western coast of the central Adriatic Sea between November 2011 and February 2012. Testosterone levels were measured in blood samples collected from 28 immature turtles kept in short-term maintenance at the Fondazione Cetacea Rescue Centre (Italy). Overall, plasma testosterone ranged between 229.3 and 2628.6 pg ml?1, suggesting that the EIA procedure is effective for determining androgen titers in immature loggerhead sea turtles. Analysis of the obtained data indicates an unbiased sex ratio supporting previous studies of juvenile loggerhead turtle sex ratios in the Mediterranean Sea. The present work can be considered a starting point for augmenting knowledge on the dynamics of juvenile loggerhead aggregations increasingly found in the northern-central Adriatic Sea and for promoting local management for conservation actions. 相似文献
7.
8.
Luigi Vezzulli Mauro Fabiano Valeria Granelli Mariapaola Moreno 《Chemistry and Ecology》2003,19(4):233-246
The concentration of a large spectrum of environmental contaminants (PCBs, PAHs, pesticides and metals) was assessed in surface sediments of two Ligurian harbours (Sanremo and Alassio, NW Mediterranean Sea, Italy) and their relative impact on micro-meiobenthic assemblages was analysed. Concentration, distribution and relative importance of the different contaminants varied considerably between harbours in relation to the different anthropic activities and contamination sources. Results from Principal Component Analysis indicated that high levels of contaminants were typically correlated with low micro-meiobenthic abundance in the sediment. Heavy metals and the organic enrichment were the main factors affecting the distribution and abundance of the bacterial and meiofaunal assemblages in Alassio harbour, whereas hydrocarbons and pesticides played a major role in Sanremo sediments. Neither the bacteria density nor the meiofauna abundance were dependent on sediment grain size, suggesting that micro-meiobenthic parameters may be under the influence of other variables. Our results suggest that high concentrations of contaminants independently from their source or typology are responsible for the impact observed on micro-meiobenthic assemblages in these harbours. 相似文献
9.
Valeria CassonDavid George Lister Maria Francesca MilazzoGiuseppe Maschio 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(1):209-217
Loss of temperature control is one of the major reasons that can lead to runaway reaction. This occurrence is commonly named thermal runway. The aim of this paper is the application of thermal runaway criteria in order to predict the onset of runaway phenomena and define the range of stability related to operating conditions in the reactor, with specific reference to the esterification of acetic anhydride and methanol catalysed by sulphuric acid tested in isoperibolic conditions. The isoperibolic calorimeter has also been used to obtain thermodynamic, kinetic and physical chemistry data necessary to develop a model for the reaction. Some runaway criteria applied in this work require a model for the process, so a model for the analyzed system been developed.Because of the modest reaction enthalpy and low activation energy this reacting system provide a severe test to the runaway criteria.In this work, various runaway criteria have been applied to the experimental and simulated data and the results obtained have been compared. 相似文献
10.
Bettinetti R Croce V Galassi S Volta P 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(1):59-66
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.01.010
Background, Aims and Scope Although pp'DDT usage was strongly limited or banned in most parts of the world during the last three or four decades, the
parent compound, its homologues and their metabolites still occur at levels which might pose a risk for many ecosystem components.
A case of DDT pollution of industrial origin was discovered in 1996 in Lake Maggiore, the second largest (212 km2) and deepest
(370 m) lake in Italy, causing concern for wildlife and human health. The extensive monitoring of many biotic and abiotic
compartments which followed from 1998 in order to assess the pollution level and its trend in time, provided a great availability
of data referring to DDT contamination of the different fish species of the lake. In this study, the recent contamination
levels in selected fish species were compared to those measured in 1998 to evaluate the temporal pollution trend of the lake
and its natural recovery, given that no remediation measures were carried out on the contaminated soils and sediments in this
time span. Moreover, a modelling approach to test the equilibrium condition between water and pelagic fish species was used.
Analytical results of pp'DDT and pp'DDE concentrations in lake water were used as input data in the bioenergetic model by
Connolly & Pedersen (1988) to calculate concentrations in two fish species and to compare the predicted and the measured contamination.
Methods Sampling and analytical determination of DDT homologues in lake water: Five water sampling campaigns were carried out from
May 2002 to February 2004 in three sampling sites of Lake Maggiore. Suspended and dissolved pollutants were determined separately.
Quantitative DDT homologue analyses were performed by HRGC coupled with ECD detection by the external standard method. Single
water extracts were put together in correspondence with the stratification zones of the water column inferred on the basis
of the temperature profile to improve analytical sensitivity. Selection of fish data: Concentrations of DDT and DDE in fishes
were selected from recent literature (CIPAIS 2003, 2004). Bioaccumulation model: The bioenergetic model proposed by Connolly
& Pedersen (1988) was used to assess the bioaccumulation of pp'DDT and pp'DDE of Alosa fallax (landlocked shad) and Coregonus
spp. (whitefish), selected among the different species as representative of a secondary consumer level.
Results and Discussion The average concentrations of pp'DDT and pp'DDE in water to be used as input data in the bioenergetic model were obtained
considering all the concentrations measured at the three sampling stations in the epylimnion where the fish species considered
in this study spend most of their life. The resulting values were 0.05 and 0.16 ng/L for pp'DDT and pp'DDE, respectively.
Average measured pp'DDT and pp'DDE concentrations in landlocked shad were 0.81 +/- 0.39 and 1.69 +/- 0.71 mg/kg lipids, respectively,
and were 0.29 +/- 0.12 and 1.06 +/- 0.41 mg/kg lipids for the whitefish. Calculated and measured values turned out to be
in quite good agreement for pp'DDT, while measured pp'DDE concentrations were higher than expected on the basis of the bioenergetic
model in both species. Probably metabolic transformations of pp'DDT accumulated in fish tissues in the past are responsible
for the observed differences between calculated and expected pp'DDE concentrations in fish.
Conclusions Pelagic fishes of Lake Maggiore seem to maintain the DDT accumulated during their life time and the most efficient mechanism
responsible for the fish population recoveries is probably their generation changes; for this reason, equilibrium models cannot
be used until negligible pp'DDT concentrations are reached in fish tissues.
Recommendations and Outlook The limit proposed for pp'DDT in water by the EU Directive 2000/60, which will come in force in 2008, is 0.2 ng/L, four times
higher than the average concentration measured in Lake Maggiore waters. Nevertheless, concentrations measured in Lake Maggiore
fish were very close and sometimes exceeded the Maximum residue limits (MRLs) settled by the Italian legislation for foods
(0.1 mg/kg w.w. for fish containing 5–20% lipid). It seems, therefore, that the 'environmental quality standard' of 0.2 ng/L
cannot guarantee the suitability of fish for human consumption. 相似文献