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室内常见气传真菌孢子的细胞毒性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分别以MTT比色法和细胞克隆形成率实验,观察了室内常见气传真菌孢子对中国仓鼠(CHL)肺上皮细胞的存活和增殖能力的影响,并通过检测细胞培养液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力,胞内Ca^2 ,K^ 含量,观察真菌孢子对细胞膜通透性的影响,结果表明,室内常见气传真菌孢子能显影响CHL细胞的活性,并可使细胞膜通透性发生改变,引起胞内LDH外渗,细胞内外离子发生交换,细胞内K^ 浓度降低,而细胞外的Ca^2 有内流的趋势。 相似文献
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国外城市建设中的若干减灾对策 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
本文介绍了国外部分城市在防灾、抗灾、减灾方面的一些有益的经验和作法,这对于我国城市今后的规划和建设将起到一定的积极作用。 相似文献
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借鉴地表水生态风险评价框架,尝试构建地下水生态风险评价方法,以下辽河平原地下水为例,开展地下水中苯并[a]芘(BaP)的生态风险评价工作.通过开展示范区地下水生态系统特征分析,筛选出用于地下水生态风险评价的代表性物种,共计5门9科.基于种间关系模型(ICE),推导地下水代表性物种的毒性数据.选取日本三角涡虫作为地下水典型物种,模拟地下水条件开展急性毒性试验,测试结果与模型推导数据间具有较好的一致性,初步验证了模型推导数据的可靠性;同时将测试结果应用于模型数据的校正,以降低方法的不确定性.基于此,构建地下水生态系统物种敏感度曲线(SSD);参考EPA方法构建地表水生态系统SSD曲线;地下水生态系统和地表水生态系统对于BaP 5%物种有害浓度(HC5)值分别为0.11μg·L~(-1)和0.58μg·L~(-1),初步表明地下水物种对BaP胁迫更为敏感.结合下辽河平原区地下水中BaP的暴露浓度水平,开展地下水生态系统风险评价,结果表明:处于高风险水平(RQ1)的概率为0.61%,表明胁迫因子BaP对下辽河平原地下水生态系统影响有限. 相似文献
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活性炭过滤是饮用水深度处理的重要工艺,其中滤速、炭层高度、温度和炭龄是影响活性炭滤池运行效果的关键因素. 以丹江口水库水为处理对象,以混凝-沉淀-砂滤出水作为炭滤池进水,以高锰酸盐指数和UV254去除率为评价指标,考察2011年4月—2013年5月取自北京某水厂的新炭、1年炭、3年炭和5年炭(2011年5月时炭龄)对水中有机物的去除效果. 结果表明,随着滤速的增大,有机物去除率降低;活性炭炭柱滤速为8 m/h时,高锰酸盐指数和UV254去除率分别为41.9%和41.2%,能够获得较好的处理效果. UV254去除率随总炭层高度的增大而增大. 随着炭层高度的增加,单位高度活性炭滤料对UV254的去除率降低.夏季高温期,1年炭对高锰酸盐指数和UV254的去除率分别为44.2%~57.4%和38.5%~53.1%,高于其在冬季低温期的去除率(38.9%~51.1%和31.7%~45.5%). 活性炭在使用初期,主要依靠吸附作用去除有机物;随着使用年限的增长,活性炭的生物载体作用日益明显,生物作用占主导地位,炭龄对有机物去除效果的影响变小,不同炭龄活性炭的处理效果差异不大,可适当延长活性炭的使用年限,降低处理成本. 相似文献
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Rongfang YUAN Beihai ZHOU Duo HUA Chunhong SHI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(5):850
The effect of ion-doping on TiO2 nanotubes were investigated to obtain the optimal TiO2 nanotubes for the effective decomposition of humic acids (HA) through O3/UV/ion-doped TiO2 process. The experimental results show that changing the calcination temperature, which changed the weight fractions of the anatase phase, the average crystallite sizes, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, and the energy band gap of the catalyst, affected the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst. The ionic radius, valence state, and configuration of the dopant also affected the photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activities of the catalysts on HA removal increased when Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, V5+, and Zn2+ were doped into the TiO2 nanotubes, whereas such activities decreased as a result of Mn2+- and Ni2+-doping. In the presence of 1.0 at.% Fe3+-doped TiO2 nanotubes calcined at 550°C, the removal efficiency of HA was 80% with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.158 min−1. Fe3+ in TiO2 could increase the generation of ·OH, which could remove HA. However, Fe3+ in water cannot function as a shallow trapping site for electrons or holes. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTUrban planning has become a widely concern for minimizing the negative effects of urban expansion on terrestrial ecosystems. We developed an interdisciplinary modeling framework to evaluate the effectiveness and shortcomings of urban expansion management strategies. A three-step method was applied to Yinchuan Plain in the northwestern of China, including (1) analyzing the relationship between landscape pattern and ecosystem service values through mathematical statistics; (2) predicting landscape pattern and ecosystem services change under different scenarios based on cellular automaton model (SLEUTH-3r model); and (3) designing and validating optimized scenario through integrating historical analysis experiments and future multi-comparison suggestions. Results have suggested that landscape composition and configuration can significantly affect regional ecosystem service values, especially the connectivity and shape of landscape. Compact urban growth policy and medium environment protection policy are the appropriate setting for urban expansion plan. Optimization validation of the combined designed scenario implied the reliability of this method. Our results highlighted the significance of integrating application of landscape pattern analysis, ecosystem service value evaluation, model simulation and multi-scenario prediction in urban planning. 相似文献
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Zhao Rongfang Ye Shufeng Xie Yusheng Chen Yunfa 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):7-14
A new way to implement the simultaneous reutilization of solid waste, the desulfurization of coke oven gas (COG), and even
the desulfurization of coke by the co-coking of coking coal (CC) and waste plastic (WP) blended with a sorbent is proposed;
the evolution of H2S and the removal efficiency of H2S from COG during the co-coking process were investigated in a lab-scale cylindrical reactor. The experimental results indicated
that for the coking of CC blended with ZnO, Fe2O3, or blast furnace dust (BFD) as a sorbent, the instantaneous concentration of H2S in COG was lower than 500 mg/m3 (which meets the technical specification requirement of the Chinese Cleaner Production Standard–Coking Industry, HJ/T 126-2003)
when the molar ratio between the key component of the sorbent and the volatile S in CC or the CC/WP blend, n
Zn+Fe/n
S, was about 1.2 for ZnO and Fe2O3, but not for BFD under the same conditions, suggesting that ZnO and Fe2O3 are promising sorbents, but that BFD must be treated chemical or thermally before being used as a sorbent because of the
size and complicated nature of the influence of its phase/chemical composition on its desulfurization ability. However, for
the co-coking of CC and WP blended with ZnO as a sorbent, n
Zn+Fe/n
S must increase to 1.4 and 1.7 for 100/2 and 100/5 blends of CC/WP, respectively, to ensure a satisfactory efficiency for H2S removal from COG.
Part of this paper was presented at the International Symposium on EcoTopia Science 2005 (ISET05), Aug 8–9, 2005, Chikusa-ku,
Nagoya, Japan 相似文献
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可见光/H2 O2/海藻酸铁非均相催化降解吖啶橙的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
由海藻酸钠和氯化铁反应制备了海藻酸铁凝胶小球催化剂,考察了该催化剂的吸附和可见光下催化降解吖啶橙的性能.结果表明催化剂的吸附能力随pH升高而提高,且催化剂用量为40个凝胶小球时,可见光下吖啶橙能够在较宽pH值范围内脱色,脱色速率随H2O2的用量增加而增加,该反应符合Arrhenius规律,其表观活化能为49.6 kJ/mol.自由基清除剂的加入不会降低脱色速率,表明催化反应不是羟基自由基的机理,而与高活性的类{ Fe(Ⅳ)=O}高价铁中间产物有关. 相似文献
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对上海当前防灾救灾系统管理中存在的问题进行了分析,并且提出了相应的对策,对上海及其它城市的防灾救灾系统管理体系的改进与完善有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献