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1.
利用2013年地基CE-318太阳光度计观测数据,结合中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)遥感产品和HYSPLIT后向轨迹分析,研究了一次东南亚生物质燃烧污染长距离输送至中国西南昆明站点过程(2013年4月5~8日)中,气溶胶光学特性和辐射特性的变化及其可能来源.结果表明,此次污染过程期间,我国西南地区生物质燃烧活动较少,而中南半岛地区生物质燃烧活动显著.4月5~7日,昆明站点气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)升高,消光波长指数(EAE)和吸收波长指数(AAE)均增大.此外,依据EAE和AAE分类方法,5~6日昆明站点以城市工业气溶胶为主,7~8日以生物质燃烧气溶胶为主,其细模态峰值半径(0.11μm)小于5~6日(0.15μm),7日细模态粒子体积浓度峰值(约为0.16μm3/μm2)是5日的2倍.气溶胶直接辐射强迫(ARF)日变化结果表明4月7日气溶胶对地表的降温效应达到最大,对大气的加热作用最强.气溶胶直接辐射强迫效率值(ARFE)的变化表明生物质燃烧气溶胶对大气顶的降温作用减弱.MODIS遥感以及HYSPLIT模式后向轨迹表明,此次昆明站点生物质燃烧气溶胶主要来源于东南亚地区(主要是印度北部、印缅北部和不丹地区). 相似文献
2.
通过吸附与原位模拟实验,研究了镧铝改性凹凸棒粘土(La/Al@ACP)对水体有机磷的吸附性能及其覆盖对沉积物磷释放的影响,并通过沉积物磷分级、DGT技术、扫描电镜能谱技术探讨材料覆盖对沉积物磷形态影响机制.结果显示,La/Al@ACP添加后,上覆水及底泥间隙水中磷含量显著下降,并伴随沉积物有效磷通量的减少.有机磷形态分析表明,添加La/Al@ACP后活性态的Lab-Po不断向稳定态的Hum-Po转化,有效控制了底泥磷向上覆水释放的风险.La/Al@ACP作为一种控制湖泊富营养化的有效材料,可用于底泥内源磷的固定与控制. 相似文献
3.
在溢油模型模拟溢油扩散、漂移的轨迹及其归宿的基础上提出溢油反向运算既反推的发展设想,扩展其功能,增加其应用,形成完整的溢油模型,并将该溢油模型运用于海事管理工作中,为海事管理工作服务。 相似文献
4.
通过批次实验探究了不同有机物对铁盐化学除磷的影响.结果显示,有机物对铁盐化学除磷的不利影响由强到弱依次为柠檬酸、黄腐酸、聚山梨酯-80、牛血清蛋白、葡萄糖、淀粉,柠檬酸的影响程度为其他五种有机物的5~20倍.较之含羟基有机物,含羧基有机物对铁盐除磷的不利影响更大.研究表明:铁盐化学除磷的实质是通过形成铁羟基氧化物(HFO)来除磷.含羧基有机物,如柠檬酸,可与磷酸根竞争HFO,有机物"抢占"HFO表面结合位点导致磷酸盐与HFO结合减少,从而使铁盐除磷效果下降.在所试柠檬酸浓度范围内,铁盐除磷率最高下降了90.70%. 相似文献
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Catherine Potvin Petra Tschakert Frédéric Lebel Kate Kirby Hector Barrios Judith Bocariza Jaime Caisamo Leonel Caisamo Charianito Cansari Juan Casamá Maribel Casamá Laura Chamorra Nesar Dumasa Shira Goldenberg Villalaz Guainora Patrick Hayes Tim Moore Johana Ruíz 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(8):1341-1362
This paper is part of a two-year study to investigate the feasibility of initiating a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project
in an indigenous community of Eastern Panamá, Ipetí-Emberá. We use participatory mapping and matrices as well as household
surveys to develop a land-use/land-cover baseline scenario and examine the role of local participation in assessing land-use
change. In Ipetí, land-use change has not occurred in a linear way over the last decades, and our data unveils socio-economic
factors as potential key drivers of change. The concordance that we observed between geographic information and individual
and collective perceptions of land-use change substantiates the possibility of using local knowledge in the establishment
of baseline data for CDM projects. Our calculations suggest that the total carbon (C) stocks in the Tierra Colectiva (TC) of Ipetí-Emberá in 2004 represents a 47% reduction from the estimated C stock at the onset of settlement in the early
1970’s. Results from the participatory assessments predict that, in 2024 and in absence of a CDM project, the C stocks will
decline from 301,859 t C in 2004 to 155,730 t C, which constitutes a reduction of 52%. The scenario with CDM estimates C stocks
of 305,853 t C for 2024, a value slightly superior to the 2004 value. In the TC there is ground to believe that cattle ranching
is likely to become an ever more important activity as the population is young and growing and cannot easily move elsewhere.
Forests tend to be cleared for cultivation while pastures are established on short fallows. Our baseline scenario underlines
the potential for a CDM project to make a significant difference in the future C stocks of this landscape. 相似文献
8.
Study on phosphorus loadings in ten natural and agricultural watersheds in subtropical region of China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yuyuan Li Cen Meng Ru Gao Wen Yang Junxia Jiao Yong Li Yi Wang Jinshui Wu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(5):2717-2727
Water eutrophication in subtropical regions of southern China threatens watershed health and is of major concern. However, annual phosphorus (P) loading and its dominant causes are still unclear, especially at the watershed scale. In this study, we investigated dynamic P loadings and associated factors (e.g., land use, livestock production, and runoff depth) in ten watersheds that varied in area from 9 to 5,212 ha in a hilly area of Hunan Province, China. A flowmeter was installed at the outlet of each watershed, and total P (TP) and soluble P (SP) concentrations were monitored periodically from June 2010 to October 2012. The results showed that annual P loadings (APLs) in the ten watersheds ranged from 22.8 to 247.8 kg P/km2 and that P loss primarily occurred from April to June of each year during the main rainfall season in the study area. In addition, the average eutrophication (>0.05 mg P/L) ratio for stream waters was 86.7 % during the study period, which was indicative of a potentially serious condition for the local water environments. Annual P loadings were linearly related to livestock density (LD; R?=?0.92, p?<?0.01), whereas the eutrophication ratio of stream water was significantly (p?<?0.05) correlated with LD (R?=?0.61), percentage cropland (R?=?0.71), and percentage forest cover (R?=??0.68). Thus, it is concluded that the control of livestock production has the greatest potential for reducing P loadings in watersheds in this subtropical area. This will be beneficial to the amelioration and protection of local environment. 相似文献
9.
T. Glytsos J. Ondráček L. Džumbová I. Kopanakis M. Lazaridis 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(12):1539-1549
Indoor sources have been identified as a major contributor to the increase of particle concentration in indoor environments. The work presented here is a study of the characteristics of particulate matter number size distribution and mass concentration under controlled indoor activities in a laboratory room. The objective is to characterize particulate matter concentrations indoors resulted under the influence of specific sources. Measurements were performed in an empty laboratory (period September–October 2006) using a GRIMM SMPS+C system (particle size range between 11.1 and 1083.3 nm), a DustTrak Aerosol Monitor (TSI) and a P-Trak Ultrafine Particle Counter (TSI). The studied indoor activities included candle burning, hot plate heating, water boiling, onion frying, vacuuming, hair drying, hair spraying, smoking and burning of incense stick. The AMANpsd computer algorithm was used to evaluate the modal structure of measured particle number size distribution data. Furthermore, the change of the particle number size distribution shape under the influence of different emission sources was studied versus time. Finally the particle emission rates were computed. High particle number concentrations were observed during smoking, onion frying, candle burning and incense stick burning. The highest particle mass concentrations were measured during smoking and hair spraying. The shift of the particle size distribution to larger diameters suggests the presence of strong coagulation effect during candle burning, incense stick burning, smoking and onion frying. The size distribution was mainly bimodal during onion frying and candle burning, whereas the size distribution remained unimodal during incense stick burning and smoking experiments. 相似文献
10.
Innovative aspects of environmental chemistry and technology regarding air,water, and soil pollution
Katsoyiannis Ioannis A. Lammel Gerhard Samara Constantini Ernst Mathias Wenk Jannis Torretta Vincenzo Voutsa Dimitra Vollertsen Jes Bucheli Thomas D. Godbersen Levke Lambropoulou Dimitra Heath Ester Kallenborn Roland Giannakoudakis Dimitrios Deliyanni Eleni Bandosz Teresa J. Ražić Slavica Samanidou Viktoria Papa Ester Lacorte Silvia Katsoyiannis Athanasios 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(42):58958-58968
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 相似文献