Zr掺杂TiO_2介孔材料光催化降解头孢氨苄

采用固相合成法制备了Zr掺杂TiO_2(Zr-TiO_2),运用XRD技术对其进行了表征,并将其用于水中头孢氨苄的光催化降解,通过单因素实验及正交实验优化了光催化反应条件。结果表明:制备的Zr-TiO_2为锐钛矿型介孔材料,孔径约为8.12 nm;各因素对头孢氨苄去除率的影响由大到小依次为光照时间、Zr-TiO_2投加量、初始头孢氨苄质量浓度;在Zr-TiO_2投加量为1.5 g/L、初始头孢氨苄质量浓度为10 mg/L、溶液pH为7.0、光照(300 W UV)时间为1.5 h的优化条件下,头孢氨苄去除率高达99.46%;Zr-TiO_2光催化剂的重复使用性能良好。     

贵州独山锑矿田地质地球化学特征和构造动力热液成矿

独山锑矿田位于独山箱状背斜核部近倾伏端,矿床、矿体的产出严格受断裂控制,其半坡式锑矿呈脉状产于下泥盆统、志留系碎屑岩的陡倾斜断裂中;其巴年式的锑矿呈层状产于中泥盆统碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩之间的层间滑动带中。成矿温度低,矿石组分和围岩蚀变简单,锑主要来源于下伏地层,硫主要来源于赋矿地层．成矿流体主要为大气降水,构造动力成矿作用导致锑矿床的形成,矿床类型为一典型的构过动对热液矿床。     

某生物质电厂周边农田土壤中多环芳烃污染特征及生态安全评价

为了解与评价某生物质电厂周边农田土壤多环芳烃的污染状况,按照点源扇形布点原则,在电厂周边4个方位不同距离布点,在远离电厂区域设置对照点.参照《土壤环境监测技术规范》(HJ/T 166—2004)采样,共采集25个农田土壤样品.取经过处理的样品5.00 g,用乙腈超声提取、浓缩后,HPLC法测定15种PAHs的含量.描述其空间分布特征,采用特征污染物分析、环数分析、异构体比值分析及聚类分析等方法解析污染来源,运用荷兰分级标准评价法进行生态安全评价.结果显示生物质电厂周边农田土壤中15种PAHs总量为311μg·kg~(-1)(204～576μg·kg~(-1)),TEQ(BaP)为21.9μg·kg~(-1)(4.39～58.1μg·kg~(-1)),明显高于对照区的193μg·kg~(-1)(76.1～329μg·kg~(-1))和12.7μg·kg~(-1)(0.499～31.9μg·kg~(-1)).在常年主导风向下风向,BaP、PAHs总量和TEQ(BaP)随烟囱距离的增加呈抛物线趋势分布,最大值在距电厂1000 m处.生物质电厂周边农田土壤中高环PAHs组分高于对照区和燃煤电厂周边,生物质燃烧是该区域PAHs的主要来源.生物质电厂周边农田土壤中BaP、∑PAHs和TEQ(BaP)高于燃煤电厂和医疗垃圾焚烧厂,存在不容忽视的生态风险.     

Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers among workers at an electronic waste dismantling region in Guangdong, China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as flame retardants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the PBDE serum levels in residents from an electronic waste dismantling region, residents living within 50 km of the dismantling region, and a referent group with no occupational PBDE exposure. Fourteen PBDE congeners including BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, BDE-196, BDE-197, BDE-203, BDE-206, BDE-207, BDE-208 and BDE-209 were quantified in these three groups by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization (NCI) mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. We found that the levels of all PBDE congeners in serum of residents from electronic waste dismantling region were significantly higher than those in the two other groups. The referents showed the lowest PBDE levels. Concentrations of congeners with a high number of bromine substituents, i.e., hepta- to decaBDEs in occupational exposure workers were 11-20 times higher than those in the referent group. BDE-209 was the dominant congener. The highest concentration of BDE-209 was observed among the electronic waste dismantling workers, and it was 3436 ng g(-1) lipid weight (ng g(-1) l.w.), which is the highest concentration of BDE-209 in humans worldwide. Some higher brominated PBDE congeners such as BDE-197, BDE-207 and BDE-208 also showed elevated concentrations in dismantling workers. This study confirms that BDE-209 is released to the environment and can bioaccumulate in the blood of electronic waste dismantling workers, and extensive occupational exposure to PBDEs leads to elevated concentrations of all PBDE congeners in serum.     

广州市幼儿园儿童对羟基苯甲酸酯内暴露水平及分布特征

对羟基苯甲酸酯是一种防腐剂和抑菌剂,广泛应用于食品、药品和化妆品等行业。研究已证实对羟基苯甲酸酯具有一定的生殖毒性、发育毒性以及雌激素活性。通过测定尿液中对羟基苯甲酸酯的含量,可综合地反映出人体对羟基苯甲酸酯的暴露情况。本研究采集66例广州市某幼儿园儿童尿样,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测了其中对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯和对羟基苯甲酸苄酯等5种对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度水平。对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯的中值浓度分别为4.42、1.39和1.74μg·L~(-1)。对羟基苯甲酸丁酯和对羟基苯甲酸苄酯检出率较低。本研究中广州市幼儿园儿童对羟基苯甲酸酯含量水平远低于欧美国家同龄儿童,而与印度同龄儿童水平相当。相关性分析显示,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯与对羟基苯甲酸丙酯呈一定程度的相关性,暗示二者可能有相同的来源。     

我国某塑料垃圾拆解地周边居民多环芳烃内暴露水平调查

采集我国某塑料垃圾拆解地周边50例居民尿液,酶解-固相萃取对其进行前处理,采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器检测了其中8种多环芳烃羟基代谢物的含量水平,并分析其组成特征.结果显示,该地区居民尿液中2-羟基萘、2-羟基芴、2-羟基菲+3-羟基菲、1-羟基菲+9-羟基菲、4-羟基菲和1-羟基芘的均值浓度分别为9.19、9.11、0.97、2.42、0.09、1.36μmol.mol肌酐-1.各多环芳烃羟基代谢物的含量水平普遍高于北京、广东、江西等地区背景人群含量水平,也明显高于欧美国家背景人群的含量水平,表明该地区居民有着较大的多环芳烃摄入量;各多环芳烃羟基代谢物之间相关性差异较大,2-羟基萘、2-羟基芴、∑羟基菲与1-羟基芘间的相关系数在0.474—0.737之间,表明多种代谢物的联合测定可更客观地评价该地区居民多环芳烃暴露情况.     

Association between fetal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and low birth weight: a case–control study in Shenzhen,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The potential hazards of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on fetus development have raised widespread concerns in recent years, although...