Changes of foraging patch selection and utilization by a giant panda after bamboo flowering

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The bamboo flowering leads to the habitat fragmentation and food quality decline of a giant panda. Few empirical research has been conducted about the...     

Reducing ammonia emissions from laying-hen houses through dietary manipulation

Feed additives can change the microbiological environment of the animal digestive track, nutrient composition of feces, and its gaseous emissions. This 2-yr field study involving commercial laying-hen houses in central Iowa was conducted to assess the effects of feeding diets containing EcoCal and corn-dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) on ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions. Three high-rise layer houses (256,600 W-36 hens per house) received standard industry diet (Control), a diet containing 7% EcoCal (EcoCal) or a diet containing 10% DDGS (DDGS). Gaseous emissions were continuously monitored during the period of December 2007 to December 2009, covering the full production cycle. The 24-month test results revealed that mean NH3 emission rates were 0.58 +/- 0.05, 0.82 +/- 0.04, and 0.96 +/- 0.05 g/hen/day for the EcoCal, DDGS, and Control diet, respectively. Namely, compared to the Control diet, the EcoCal and DDGS diets reduced NH3 emission by an average of 39.2% and 14.3%, respectively. The concurrent H2S emission rates were 5.39 +/- 0.46, 1.91 +/- 0.13, and 1.79 +/- 0.16 mg/ hen/day for the EcoCal, DDGS, and Control diet, respectively. CO2 emission rates were similar for the three diets, 87.3 +/- 1.37, 87.4 +/- 1.26, and 89.6 +/- 1.6 g/hen/day for EcoCal, DDGS, and Control, respectively (P = 0.45). The DDGS and EcoCal houses tended to emit less CH4 than the Control house (0.16 and 0.12 vs. 0.20 g/hen/day) during the monitored summer season. The efficacy of NH3 emission reduction by the EcoCal diet decreased with increasing outside temperature, varying from 72.2% in February 2009 to -7.10% in September 2008. Manure of the EcoCal diet contained 68% higher ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and 4.7 times higher sulfur content than that of the Control diet. Manure pH values were 8.0, 8.9, and 9.3 for EcoCal, DDGS, and Control diets, respectively. This extensive field study verifies that dietary manipulation provides a viable means to reduce NH3 emissions from modern laying-hen houses.     

油泥废弃物的生物修复技术研究

本文利用正交试验 ,探讨了堆腐法处理油泥废弃物过程中调控因子 (肥料、客土、水分和 pH)的影响。结果发现 ,投加一定量的客土是影响处理效果的重要因子。通过正交试验选择和确定的最佳处理条件为 :在自然温度 >2 0℃的情况下 ,客土投加量 2 0 %、肥料 10 %、菌剂 5 %、控制水分 30 % (烘干基 )和pH 7。优化条件的建立为油泥废弃物的深度处理提供了理论依据     

Treatment of oilfield produced water by anaerobic process coupled with micro-electrolysis

Treatment of oilfield produced water was investigated using an anaerobic process coupled with micro-electrolysis (ME), focusing on changes in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biodegradability. Results showed that COD exhibited an abnormal change in the single anaerobic system in which it increased within the first 168 hr, but then decreased to 222 mg/L after 360 hr. The biological oxygen demand (five-day) (BOD5)/COD ratio of the water increased from 0.05 to 0.15. Hydrocarbons in the wastewater, such as pectin, degraded to small molecules during the hydrolytic acidification process. Comparatively, the e ect of ME was also investigated. The COD underwent a slight decrease and the BOD5/COD ratio of the water improved from 0.05 to 0.17 after ME. Removal of COD was 38.3% under the idealized ME conditions (pH 6.0), using iron and active carbon (80 and 40 g/L, respectively). Coupling the anaerobic process with ME accelerated the COD removal ratio (average removal was 53.3%). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze organic species conversion. This integrated system appeared to be a useful option for the treatment of water produced in oilfields.     

等离子体烟气脱硫技术现状与关键问题讨论

介绍了ＳＯ２的３条去除路径,高能电子的解离还原路径;自由基的氧化路径;以及与氨的热化学反应路径。提出ＳＯ２浓度测试要先去氨及ＮＯＸ测试先去ＳＯ２的方案。分析了温度、氨量、烟气组分及供电情况对ＳＯ２去除的影响。认为ＮＯ２及硫酸气溶胶的存在促进ＳＯ２去除的作用和脱硫与除法结合问题。最后提出利用氨与等离子体的协同作用,以热化学反庆为主路径,以等离子体活化反应为补充的脱硫思路。     

辽宁省农用地质量空间分布格局及影响因素研究

采用GIS技术、地统计学分析和景观生态学方法对辽宁省农用地质量的空间分布规律及其多样性、均匀度、集中度、优势度等进行研究,结果表明：辽宁省农用地质量的区域分异明显,等别表现出由辽西低山丘陵区和辽东山地丘陵区向中部平原区的递增规律。探讨农用地质量空间格局的影响因素,发现农用地自然质量空间分布格局主要受到地带性因素与大尺度的非地带性因素的控制,农用地利用质量和经济质量空间分布格局受到人类活动的影响显著。     

基于决策树的辽宁省北部沙漠化信息提取研究

以沙漠化问题较突出的辽宁省北部地区为例,选取2007年Landsat 5 TM遥感影像作为基本数据源,通过对影像中耕地、林地、草地、水域等常见地物及典型沙漠化土地进行光谱特征分析和波段间的相互运算,将修改型土壤调整植被指数（MSAVI）、归一化差异水体指数（NDWI）和遥感图像缨帽变换后的土壤亮度指数（SBI）、绿度植被指数（GVI）及湿度指数（WVI）等特征变量融入决策树分类模型后进行分层分离,从而实现对沙漠化信息的高精度提取。结果显示,决策树分类法可排除提取地物时的干扰信息,是保证沙漠化土地信息快速自动提取的方法之一。     

辽河油田石油污染土壤的2阶段生物修复

建立了污染土壤预制床处理工程,对不同类型原油污染土壤分别进行堆腐处理,历时2个阶段,共运行210d.当稀油、稠油、特稠油和高凝油污染土壤中石油烃总量(TPH)为25.8～77.2g·kg^-1时,经过53d(为第1阶段)的运行,TPH去除率38.37%～56.74%.第2年(为第2阶段)继续处理156d,TPH降解率达到66.59%～80.96%.连续运行结果表明,污染土壤中易分解的石油烃污染物大部分在第1阶段得到降解,第二阶段降解率明显降低.     

农业非点源污染环境影响及防治

非点源污染也称面源污染,因其污染的时空范围广,不确定性大,污染严重,对其治理及管理的难度也较大.由于化肥和农药的大量使用,农业非点源已成为中国水环境的主要污染源.文章中对农业非点源污染的特点、来源和危害进行了系统论述,并提出防治农业非点源污染的具体措施建议.     

垂直流人工湿地处理稠油废水的实验研究

采用垂直流人工湿地模拟装置对新疆油田外排含盐稠油废水进行了处理。实验表明:对于进水CODCr为402～406mg/L,盐度5701～5712mg/L,石油类40.62mg/L的含盐稠油废水,该系统的出水指标为CODCr35～38mg/L,盐度1535～1542mg/L,湿地系统对CODCr和盐分的去除率达到91%和73%;当水力停留时间为11d以上,出水石油类<5mg/L,处理后出水CODCr、石油类达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)的一级标准。