Cu2O光催化降解水中对硝基苯酚的研究

用CuCl水解法制备Cu2O粉末,用透射电镜(TEM)和X衍射(XRD)对Cu2O粒子进行了表征.在仿太阳光源的照射下,研究了Cu2O对水中难降解有机污染物对硝基苯酚的光催化降解效果.结果表明,在8 h内,对硝基苯酚几乎完全降解.在催化剂用量为0.2 g时,对浓度为22.4 mg/L的200mL对硝基苯酚溶液有良好的降解效果.降解反应符合一级反应动力学.     

不同来源废水中TOC与COD相关性研究

对纺织染整、化工、制药、食品加工各行业生产废水及城镇污水厂处理设施出水中的TOC(自动仪器监测)与COD(实验室手工分析)测定值进行回归分析,并检验一元线性回归方程的显著性和有效性。结果表明,各行业生产废水中TOC与COD值均存在非常显著的相关性,且废水组成成分越单一稳定,其相关性越好,同行业废水中TOC与COD回归方程的斜率b较为接近。利用TOC自动在线监测值换算所得的COD值,准确性和稳定性高,能满足水质实时连续监测的需要。     

耦合健康风险与生命周期评价的场地修复环境经济影响评估

我国污染场地数量众多,对当地环境和健康安全造成了巨大威胁,亟待开展治理修复,同时也需要关注修复过程的绿色可持续性.本文基于绿色可持续修复（GSR）的理念,提出了健康风险评价（HRA）和生命周期评价（LCA）耦合的评估框架,用于计算结合健康风险和修复二次环境影响的净环境效益（NEB）,并以中国西南地区某多环芳烃和汞污染的工业场地为例,在现行的修复目标制定框架内,对不同修复目标下的NEB进行了评估.结果表明,在不同权衡选择下,案例最佳的修复目标带来的NEB是直接选择筛选值目标的1.6~15倍,单位经济投入带来的NEB是直接选择筛选值的3~7倍.决策者可应用提出的综合评估框架,平衡当地环境质量改善和修复过程的二次影响,以提高场地修复工程的环境经济可持续性.     

Uptake and accumulation of potentially toxic elements in colonized plant species around the world’s largest antimony mine area,China

To provide information on reclamation of multi-heavy metal polluted soils with conception of phytostabilization, a field survey on the uptake and accumulation of potentially toxic elements such as antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in colonized plant species around the world’s largest antimony mine area, China, was conducted. Samples including leaves and shoots (including roots and stems) of colonized plants as well as rhizospheric soils were collected from eight sampling zones in the studied area. The results showed that the contents of Cu, Zn, and Pb in rhizospheric soils below plants were comparable to the corresponding background values of Hunan province, otherwise Sb, Cd, and As contents were extremely high (17–106, 17–87, and 3–7 times of the corresponding background values). The highest concentration of Sb was found in Aster subulatus (410 mg kg^?1); Cd, As, and Zn were in Herba bidentis bipinnatae (10.9, 264, and 265 mg kg^?1, respectively); and Cu was in Artemisia lavandulaefolia (27.1 mg kg^?1). It also exhibited that all the contents of As in leaves were several times of those in shoots of plants, Cd and other heavy metals showed in a similar pattern in several studied species, implying that the uptake route of these heavy metals via foliar might contribute to the accumulation. With high bioconcentration factors of heavy metals (more than 1, except for Zn), together with the growth abundance, Herba bidentis bipinnatae was considered as the most suitable colonized species for phytostabilization of the multi-heavy metal pollution in soils on this antimony mine area.     

Knowledge,attitudes, and behaviors related to child safety restraint in citizens of Shenzhen Municipality,China, and the associations between these factors

Objective: A child safety restraint (CSR) is an effective measure to reduce the risk of child injury from traffic collisions. This study aims to explore knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding CSRs in a Chinese population.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey regarding CSR use was conducted from April to May 2014 in Shenzhen municipality. Respondents were parents who had at least one child 0 to 6 years of age and owned a car. These parents provided a self-report of demographic characteristics as well as information about their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward CSR use.

Results: Most respondents had a fair level of knowledge about CSRs, with higher mean knowledge scores demonstrated among the respondents who were male, had an advanced degree, had a higher income, owned an expensive car, had an older child, drove frequently with children, and routinely drove greater distances with children. In addition, most respondents had a more positive attitude toward CSR use, with a higher mean attitude score among those who had an advanced degree, owned an expensive car, drove frequently with children, and routinely drove greater distances with children. However, some myths regarding CSR use also existed (e.g., parents can effectively protect their children in a car collision by holding them, they are not required to purchase the CSR for child safety if there is no mandatory provision by law, among others). Among 3,768 respondents who had at least one child and a car, 27.8% (1,047) had a CSR and 22.9% (864) used the CSR. A logistic regression model showed the likelihood of CSR ownership to be higher if respondents drove frequently or greater distances and was dependent on both the education level of the respondents and the age of the children. The frequency of CSR use increased as the age of children decreased (P = .0274). Respondents who owned a CSR and those who frequently used CSRs had higher mean knowledge and mean attitude scores.

Conclusions: This observational study found that although the majority of respondents had fair levels of knowledge and positive attitudes, they had lower rates of CSR ownership and use. Therefore, efforts at developing opportunities to expand public awareness of CSR use should be made to improve child passenger safety practices and eliminate child injury caused by traffic collisions.     

La掺杂SnO2/Ti电极电催化降解邻硝基苯酚

采用凝胶一溶胶法制备了La掺杂SnO2/Ti电极并用于邻硝基苯酚废水的电解研究.分析了电流密度、电极距离、溶液初始pH对邻硝基苯酚电解效果的影响,确定了最佳电解条件.结果表明,La/Sn(摩尔比)为0.03,热处理温度为450℃下制备的La掺杂SnO2/Ti电极对邻硝基苯酚的降解效果最好.当电流密度为20 mA/cm2,电极距离为2 cm,溶液初始pH为6～7时,电解180 min后的邻硝基苯酚的降解率可达95.1%.利用液相色谱和离子色谱检测了邻硝基苯酚电解产物,并初步分析了邻硝基苯酚的降解途径.     

Application of different foliar iron fertilizers for enhancing the growth and antioxidant capacity of rice and minimizing cadmium accumulation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Iron (Fe) fertilizer can reduce cadmium (Cd) uptake and toxicity in rice, but the underlying mechanisms of Cd mitigation by different fertilizers are...     

监测工作应全面实施ISO14000标准

论述了监测工作实施ISO14000标准的必要性和意义，探讨了监测工作与ISO14000标准的关系，提出监测工作应全面实施ISO14000标准,通过审核机构认证要进行的工作程序。     

两种天然矿物改性材料对模拟废水中Cd2+的吸附特性

为了提升天然非金属矿物对Cd2+的吸附性能,采用MT（蒙脱石）和HP（海泡石）为前驱材料,依次通过酸纯化和SDS（十二烷基磺酸钠）改性后合成了有机非金属矿物材料,利用扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线荧光光谱分析（XRF）等手段对2种改性材料〔SDS-MT（十二烷基磺酸钠改性蒙脱石）和SDS-HP（十二烷基磺酸钠改性海泡石）〕吸附Cd2+的机制进行探究,并对吸附过程分别进行了动力学拟合和等温吸附方程拟合.结果表明:①SDS-MT和SDS-HP吸附模拟废水中Cd2+的效果分别比未改性的MT和HP平均提升约40%和19.5%. ②改性过程没有改变2种前驱材料的基本结构,但引起其元素质量分数、阳离子交换量和比表面积的改变. ③SDS-MT、SDS-HP对模拟废水中Cd2+的吸附量受溶液的pH影响较大,最大吸附量分别达16.54、9.24 mg/g,2种改性材料对模拟废水中Cd2+的吸附过程能较好地满足准二级动力学方程,并且其平衡传质时间较短. ④SDS-MT对模拟废水Cd2+的吸附模型较满足于Freundlich吸附等温模型,推测SDS-MT是一种有限吸附位点的吸附剂,吸附过程为单分子层吸附,而SDS-HP则较好的满足Langmuir吸附等温模型.研究显示,对2种天然非金属矿物材料的有机改性能够有效提升材料对Cd2+的吸附容量,发挥材料的实际运用价值.