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Laffont Laure Menges Johanna Goix Sylvaine Gentès Sophie Maury-Brachet Régine Sonke Jeroen E. Legeay Alexia Gonzalez Patrice Rinaldo Raphaëlle Maurice Laurence 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(43):60609-60621
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of the study was to determine if gold-mining activities could impact the mercury (Hg) concentrations and isotopic signatures in freshwater... 相似文献
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Estelle Lefrançois Laure Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil Philippe Blancher Samuel Botreau Cécile Chardon Laura Crepin Tristan Cordier Arielle Cordonier Isabelle Domaizon Benoit J. D. Ferrari Julie Guéguen Jean-Christophe Hustache Louis Jacas Stephan Jacquet Sonia Lacroix Anne-Laurence Mazenq Alina Pawlowska Pascal Perney Jan Pawlowski Frédéric Rimet Jean-François Rubin Dominique Trevisan Régis Vivien Agnès Bouchez 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(34):33858-33866
The effectiveness of environmental protection measures is based on the early identification and diagnosis of anthropogenic pressures. Similarly, restoration actions require precise monitoring of changes in the ecological quality of ecosystems, in order to highlight their effectiveness. Monitoring the ecological quality relies on bioindicators, which are organisms revealing the pressures exerted on the environment through the composition of their communities. Their implementation, based on the morphological identification of species, is expensive because it requires time and experts in taxonomy. Recent genomic tools should provide access to reliable and high-throughput environmental monitoring by directly inferring the composition of bioindicators’ communities from their DNA (metabarcoding). The French-Swiss program SYNAQUA (INTERREG France-Switzerland 2017–2019) proposes to use and validate the tools of environmental genomic for biomonitoring and aims ultimately at their implementation in the regulatory bio-surveillance. SYNAQUA will test the metabarcoding approach focusing on two bioindicators, diatoms, and aquatic oligochaetes, which are used in freshwater biomonitoring in France and Switzerland. To go towards the renewal of current biomonitoring practices, SYNAQUA will (1) bring together different actors: scientists, environmental managers, consulting firms, and biotechnological companies, (2) apply this approach on a large scale to demonstrate its relevance, (3) propose robust and reliable tools, and (4) raise public awareness and train the various actors likely to use these new tools. Biomonitoring approaches based on such environmental genomic tools should address the European need for reliable, higher-throughput monitoring to improve the protection of aquatic environments under multiple pressures, guide their restoration, and follow their evolution. 相似文献
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Francesca Maria Russo Anne-Gael Cordier Luc De Catte Julien Saada Alexandra Benachi Jan Deprest 《黑龙江环境通报》2018,38(9):629-637
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a rare disease associated with high mortality and morbidity. Antenatal ultrasound screening identifies more than 70% of cases, providing the opportunity for in utero referral to a tertiary care center for expert assessment and perinatal management. Additional genetic and morphologic assessment may be used to rule out associated anomalies. In isolated cases, the outcome may be predicted prenatally by medical imaging. The combination of lung size and liver herniation is a widely accepted method to stratify fetuses into groups with an increasing degree of pulmonary hypoplasia and corresponding mortality rates. Ultrasound measurement of the observed to expected lung-to-head ratio (o/e LHR) is most widely used. The o/e LHR is an independent predictor of survival and short-term morbidity. Finally, evaluation of stomach position has recently been introduced as an indirect method to estimate severity of the disease in left-sided defects, as it has been shown to correlate with the proportion of intrathoracic liver. Herein, we propose a protocol for the standardized ultrasound assessment of fetuses with isolated CDH and individualized prediction of neonatal outcome. 相似文献
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Towards a framework for assessment and management of cumulative human impacts on marine food webs 下载免费PDF全文
Sylvaine Giakoumi Benjamin S. Halpern Loïc N. Michel Sylvie Gobert Maria Sini Charles‐François Boudouresque Maria‐Cristina Gambi Stelios Katsanevakis Pierre Lejeune Monica Montefalcone Gerard Pergent Christine Pergent‐Martini Pablo Sanchez‐Jerez Branko Velimirov Salvatrice Vizzini Arnaud Abadie Marta Coll Paolo Guidetti Fiorenza Micheli Hugh P. Possingham 《Conservation biology》2015,29(4):1228-1234
Effective ecosystem‐based management requires understanding ecosystem responses to multiple human threats, rather than focusing on single threats. To understand ecosystem responses to anthropogenic threats holistically, it is necessary to know how threats affect different components within ecosystems and ultimately alter ecosystem functioning. We used a case study of a Mediterranean seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) food web and expert knowledge elicitation in an application of the initial steps of a framework for assessment of cumulative human impacts on food webs. We produced a conceptual seagrass food web model, determined the main trophic relationships, identified the main threats to the food web components, and assessed the components’ vulnerability to those threats. Some threats had high (e.g., coastal infrastructure) or low impacts (e.g., agricultural runoff) on all food web components, whereas others (e.g., introduced carnivores) had very different impacts on each component. Partitioning the ecosystem into its components enabled us to identify threats previously overlooked and to reevaluate the importance of threats commonly perceived as major. By incorporating this understanding of system vulnerability with data on changes in the state of each threat (e.g., decreasing domestic pollution and increasing fishing) into a food web model, managers may be better able to estimate and predict cumulative human impacts on ecosystems and to prioritize conservation actions. 相似文献
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Bruno De Cordier 《Disasters》2009,33(4):608-628
This paper focuses on the emergence and modus operandi of Muslim faith-based aid organisations from the West, particularly those from the United Kingdom. Through case studies of Islamic Relief Worldwide and Muslim Hands, it examines the actual and potential added value generated by these humanitarian players in Muslim-majority contexts at times when aid actors from or associated with the West are being perceived by some as instrumental to the political agendas of Western powers, or are being confronted with the consequences thereof. The study analyses Muslim faith-based aid organisations' transnational networks, their implementing partnerships with local faith-based non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and their security position within and their access to insecure contexts, drawing on field examples and opinion from Central Asia, Iraq and Pakistan. It thereby argues that there is ground for an expansion of the role of Muslim aid actors, because of the existence of social and political realities in the field that cannot be always effectively tackled by the dominant international development approaches. 相似文献