Special issue on contamination,remediation and health for pollutants in natural aquatic,soil, sediments and atmospheric environments

Environmental Geochemistry and Health -     

提高转炉OG效率的对策

对武钢第一炼钢厂100t转炉OG系统设备存在的问题进行了分析、研究，结合生产实际进行了一系列的技术改进和工艺参数调整，提高了OG系统效率。     

治污投资的政府最优政策博弈

外部性的存在及制造商治污投资动机不足要求政府对制造商的行为进行相应的规制，政府在制造商的治污投资行为中主要的作用是通过各种措施使得制造裔有动机地去自觉地进行有效的治污投资;政府的主要控制手段包括直接管制及借助市场激励，政府制定环境管理策略的关键因素是“惩罚的力度与激励的强度”。基于社会福利最大化的角度；从制造商的治污投资行为出发研究政府制定环境管理规制的策略，通过一个三阶段的博弈模型分析福利增进量、洽污成本与治污效果等三个因素对“惩罚力度与激励强度”的影响。     

论环境产业

本文在可持续发展视角下,把环境的保护、修复、维护的生产活动及与之直接相关的服务活动称为环境产韭,包括发挥减少、避免污染环境作用的资源再利用鼗和发挥治理污染物与修复、改善环境作用的环境维护业.通过探讨环境产业的内涵、发展历程、运行机制和在产业体系中的位置与作用,指出环境产业是在法规保障下政府强行推动产生和发展起来的,是产业体系中不可缺少的重要组成部分;考虑自然环境对社会行为的影响,改进政府行为构建适台环境产业与传统产业协调发展的经济体制是加快发展环境产业的关键.     

哈尔滨市秸秆焚烧大气污染负荷估算方法研究

本文针对近些年哈尔滨秋末冬初大气污染程度增加的溯源问题,基于静风污染气象及降雪对秸秆焚烧的影响等基本假设,采用箱式模型和优化拟合的方法对秸秆焚烧产生污染物的源强及其负荷进行了估算.通过对2015年和2017年典型时段数据的优化拟合得到降雪前重污染天气下PM₁₀排放源强分别为20.16、21.83 μg·m^-2·s^-1,CO的排放源强分别为149.32、138.65 mg·m^-2·s^-1;降雪后重污染天气下PM₁₀排放源强分别为15.98、7.09 μg·m^-2·s^-1,CO的排放源强分别为122.91、89.21 mg·m^-2·s^-1.由降雪前后各污染物的源强差得到2015年和2017年秸秆焚烧产生的PM₁₀的排放源强分别为4.18、14.74 μg·m^-2·s^-1,负荷分别为20.73%、67.52%;CO的排放源强分别为26.41、49.44 mg·m^-2·s^-1,负荷分别为17.69%、35.66%.本文为相关清单的研究提供了一种客观的校核方法,具有重要的社会、环境及现实意义.     

面向国土空间规划的“双评价”：挑战与应对

面向国土空间规划的科学性、可操作性、层级性等内涵,探讨了资源环境承载能力评价和国土空间开发适宜性评价（“双评价”）与国土空间规划之间的基本逻辑问题、应用挑战与应对方法。通过系统梳理“双评价”的理论发展和相关政策响应,剖析了“双评价”在应用探索、内涵扩充、系统支撑三个阶段的研究重点和服务目标,阐明了承载力评价与适宜性评价之间关联逻辑的演进历程。总结了当前“双评价”在应用上的几个关键挑战：一是“双评价”应用于“三区三线”划定的逻辑尚未明确;二是当前承载能力评价与未来规划决策之间存在逻辑悖论;三是“双评价”在不同层级国土空间规划中传导失灵;四是两个评价之间的关联逻辑仍存在争议。为此,提出了应对“双评价”挑战的四点建议：深化理论认知、拓展评价维度、建立传导机制、厘清内在关系,以提升“双评价”对国土空间规划决策的支撑能力。     

Effects of SO2 and H2O on low-temperature NO conversion over F-V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts

F-V_2 O_5-WO3/Ti02 catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method.As the content of F ions increased from 0.00 to 0.35 wt.%,the NO conversion of F-V_2 O_5-WO_3/TiO_2 catalysts initially increased and then decreased.The 0.2 F-V_2 O_5-WO_3/TiO_2 catalyst(0.2 wt.% F ion)exhibited the best denitration(De-NOx) performance,with more than 95% NO conversion in the temperature range 160-360℃,and 99.0% N2 selectivity between 110 and 280℃.The addition of an appropriate amount of F ions eroded the surface morphology of the catalyst and reduced its grain size,thus enhancing the NO conversion at low temperature as well as the sulfur and water resistance of the V_2 O_5-WO3/Ti02 catalyst.After selective catalytic reduction(SCR) reaction in a gas flow containing SO_2 and H_2 O,the number of NH3 adsorption sites,active component content,specific surface area and pore volume decreased to different degrees.Ammonium sulfate species deposited on the catalyst surface,which blocked part of the active sites and reduced the NO conversion performance of the catalyst.On-line thermal regeneration could not completely recover the catalyst activity,although it prolonged the cumulative life of the catalyst.In addition,a mechanism for the effects of S02 and H_2 O on catalyst NO conversion was proposed.     

Particulate matter exchange between atmosphere and roads surfaces in urban areas

The deposition and the re-suspension of particulate matter (PM) in urban areas are the key processes that contribute not only to stormwater pollution, but also to air pollution. However, investigation of the deposition and the re-suspension of PM is challenging because of the difficulties in distinguishing between the resuspended and the deposited PM. This study created two Bayesian Networks (BN) models to explore the deposition and the re-suspension of PM as well as the important influential factors. The outcomes of BN modelling revealed that deposition and re-suspension of PM10 occurred under both, high-traffic and low-traffic conditions, and the re-suspension of PM2.5 occurred under low-traffic conditions. The deposition of PM10 under low-volume traffic condition is 1.6 times higher than under high-volume traffic condition, which is attributed to the decrease in PM10 caused by relatively higher turbulence under high-volume traffic conditions. PM10 is more easily resuspended from road surfaces compared to PM2.5 as the particles which larger than the thickness of the laminar airflow over the road surface are more easily removed from road surfaces. The increase in wind speed contributes to the increase in PM build-up by transporting particulates from roadside areas to the road surfaces and the airborne PM2.5 and PM10 increases with the increase in relative humidity. The study outcomes provide a step improvement in the understanding of the transfer processes of PM2.5 and PM10 between atmosphere and urban road surfaces, which in turn will contribute to the effective design of mitigation measures for urban stormwater and air pollution.     

基于环境统计调查数据的中国省会城市煤炭消费变化历史趋势研究

煤炭是我国主要能源,分析煤炭消费变化趋势对于预测我国二氧化碳及大气污染物排放具有重要意义。基于全国环境统计调查数据,分析了2011—2018年主要城市煤炭消费的利用情况,利用热力聚类图对我国省会城市（含直辖市）聚类分析其工业源和生活源的煤炭消费趋势,并按东部、中部和西部城市进行煤炭消费的区域性对比。结论如下:通过聚类分析发现,位于同一簇的城市之间工业企业煤炭消耗总量的基数和变化趋势有一定的相似性;总体上,城市工业企业的煤炭消耗呈逐年递减趋势,东部城市煤炭消耗总量高于中部、西部城市煤炭消耗总量,东部城市煤炭消费量下降情况总体好于中部和西部城市;除北京等少数城市外,电力、热力生产和供应行业每年的煤炭消耗量基本变化不大;城市生活源煤炭消费量变化趋势总体呈逐年递减趋势,西部呈上升趋势,东部、中部城市呈下降趋势;东部城市中的城市总煤炭消费达峰情况优于中部、西部城市。