抛丸处理在钢铁冷锻加工中的应用

钢铁冷锻加工中的磷化工序一般采用酸洗法去除毛坯上的氧化膜。现介绍用抛丸处理工艺替代酸洗方法,可以大幅度减少工业污染,降低生产成本,提高工艺质量。     

Oxidative degradation of phenol by sulfidated zero valent iron under aerobic conditions: The effect of oxalate and tripolyphosphate ligands

After adding either organic or inorganic ligands, sulfidated nano-zero-valent iron (SnZVI) was used for aerobic degradation of phenol, and the effect of the ligand species on oxidation performance was investigated. We found that SnZVI hardly degraded phenol in the absence of ligand addition. Ligands initiated and promoted the degradation of pollutants by SnZVI. The data herein show that a characteristic inorganic ligand, tripolyphosphate (TPP), is more effective in enhancing oxidation than a characteristic organic ligand oxalate. In addition to the scavenging of reactive oxidants by the organic ligand, more ferrous ion (Fe(II)) dissolution from SnZVI in the TPP system is another cause for the superior enhancement by the inorganic ligand. In the oxalate system, as the sulfur content of SnZVI increased, the oxidation efficiency increased because FeS shell promoted the transfer of electrons to produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS). In TPP system, the effect of sulfur content on oxidation performance is more complex. The SnZVI with low sulfur content showed poor oxidation performance compared with that of nZVI. Further experiments proved that sulfidation might weaken the complexation of TPP with surface bound Fe, which would slow down the ionic Fe(II) dissolution rate. Therefore, sulfidation has the dual effects of enhancing electron transfer and inhibiting the complexation of inorganic ligands. In addition, the mechanisms of ROS generation in different ligand systems were investigated herein. Results showed that the critical ROS in both the oxalate and TPP systems are hydroxyl radicals, and that they are produced via one-electron activation of O₂.     

新型材料淀粉微球对Cu2＋、Cr3＋和Pb2＋的吸附机理研究

以可溶性淀粉为原料,在反相悬浮体系中合成N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺交联淀粉微球为载体,研究了新型吸附材料淀粉微球（cross-linked starch microsphere,CSMs）对Mn＋（Cu2＋、Cr3＋、Pb2＋）的静态吸附行为。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和红外光谱仪对微球及其吸附产物进行表征,分析讨论了3种金属原子结构,研究了吸附机理。结果表明：308K时,Cu2＋、Pb2＋和Cr3＋的饱和吸附量分别是2.43、0.30和0.27 mmol/g,CSMs对Cu2＋离子吸附能力最强,并且其通过物理吸附、配位吸附方式吸附Mn＋,并得出引起微球吸附能力大小可能与金属离子电荷、离子半径和外层电子排布的差异因素有关。     

面向未来污水处理技术应用研究现状及工程实践

目前全球面临巨大能源、水污染及资源危机,传统污水处理技术已无法满足可持续发展需求,实现能源自给、污水再生及资源回收的新型污水处理技术是未来水厂重要实施路径.污水处理厂实现能源自给的关键一是"开源",即高效回收污水中有机物化学能、低品位热能,并利用外源有机物厌氧共消化、太阳能、风能等技术开发能源;二是"节流",即利用高效...     

重金属螯合剂在废水治理中的应用研究

研究重金属螯合剂的实验室合成及其捕集重金属的机理,对其处理重金属废水的效果与无机稳定化药剂Ｎａ２Ｓ进行了实验比较。     

Ecological selection of bacterial taxa with larger genome sizes in response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons stress

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are ubiquitous priority pollutants that cause great damage to the natural environment and health. Average genome size in a community is critical for shedding light on microbiome’s functional response to pollution stress within an environment. Here, microcosms under different concentrations were performed to evaluate the selection of PAHs stress on the average genome size in a community. We found the distinct communities of significantly larger genome size w...     

两种改性膨润土对含油废水吸附行为的研究

本文用壳聚糖和聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)作为改性剂,对钠基膨润土进行改性,制得两种改性膨润土.通过实验研究了其吸附的机理,并根据范德霍夫方程计算了吸附过程中的热力学参数.实验结果表明:两种改性膨润土对含油废水的吸附过程较好的符合准二级动力学模型和Freundlich吸附等温线模型;在吸附过程中,既有物理吸附,也有化学吸附.当温度小于10℃时,以物理吸附为主,当温度大于10℃时,以化学吸附为主.     

碳源类型对超短泥龄活性污泥系统运行影响研究

由于可以同时实现污水中碳磷的快速分离,超短泥龄活性污泥系统在降低能耗与资源回收方面受到人们的广泛关注.本研究对不同 进水碳源（乙酸钠、丙酸钠、葡萄糖、生活污水）条件下超短泥龄活性污泥系统污泥性质、碳磷分离规律与分离机制、微生物动力学参数等进行了研究.结果表明,与生活污水相比,由单一碳源所培养超短泥龄活性污泥浓度较低,活性较高,但乙酸钠与丙酸钠培养活性污泥处于微膨胀状态.不同碳源培养系统中COD的去除性能并无明显差异（p>0.05）,并且由于生活污水中含有悬浮物,COD去除性能弱于单一碳源培养系统.不同碳源培养系统中磷酸盐的去除性能存在较大差异,乙酸钠与丙酸钠基本依靠生物效应除磷,但生物效应无法实现高效除磷,葡萄糖与 生活污水培养系统均同时依靠生物效应与EPS吸附效应除磷,不同碳源培养系统除磷效率排序为：葡萄糖>生活污水>丙酸钠>乙酸钠.研究同时发现,碳源分子量越小,培养系统中活性污泥生物活性越高,异养菌生长与衰减系数越高.     

木质素纤维改良黄土抗剪强度的试验研究

木质素纤维作为一种高效且绿色环保的新型改良材料,被不断用于土体改良的研究中.为探究影响木质素纤维改良黄土的因素,采用木质素纤维对青海西宁地区黄土进行改良加固,通过不固结不排水三轴剪切试验并结合扫描电镜试验研究了压实度、木质素纤维掺量和围压对木质素纤维改良黄土抗剪强度的影响规律.试验结果表明:木质素纤维改良黄土的抗剪强度...     

短泥龄活性污泥系统碳磷污染物去除机制及微生物结构分析

在污泥停留时间（SRT）为3 d的条件下,探究了不同水力停留时间（HRT）条件下（4、6、8、12和16 h）的超短龄活性污泥系统碳、磷去除效果、机制,以及微生物群落结构特征.结果表明,在HRT=8 h及以上时短活性污泥系统才会有稳定的碳、磷去除效果,去除率分别能达到80%和90%以上;去除机理为吸附和生物作用,但COD和磷以吸附的方式去除比例随HRT的延长而减小,分别从47.2%和89.1%降低至35.9%和33.6%.微生物群落结构分析表明,短SRT系统中主要的优势微生物种类与传统活性污泥系统相似,除磷由传统聚磷菌（PAOs）和反硝化聚磷菌（DPAOs）共同完成,相对丰度随着HRT的延长而增加.